Liquid supplementation for ruminants fed low-quality forage diets: a review

Bowman, J. G. P.; Sowell, Bok F.; Paterson, J. A.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(95)98203-9

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Chelated minerals are more available than their inorganic counterparts for utilisation by ruminants and so are preferred for inclusion into animal diets. A combination of molasses and chelated minerals as feed-blocks could be even more beneficial as a supplement for forage consuming animals [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slaughtered Cattle as a Source of Rumen Fluid to Evaluate Supplements for In Vitro Degradation of Grass Nuts and Barley Straw

Chaudhry¹

2008

TOVSJ

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This factorial study examined the potential of slaughtered cattle as a source of rumen fluid (RF) to test the impact of 0, 90, 180 g/kg forage (Amount) of 2 supplements (Low protein of 12% =LP; high protein of 25% =HP) on in vitro rumen degradation of grass nuts (Grass) and barley straw (Straw) over various times. RF was collected from three slaughtered cattle (Animal) on three separate occasions and buffered under CO 2 as inoculum at 39 o C. About 1g ground Straw or Grass and each amount of LP or HP were mixed in separate test tubes with 50 ml inoculum under CO 2 . The tubes fitted with Bunsen valves were incubated at 0-72h after which the contents were washed and dried to estimate dry matter disappearance (DMD). The DMD were statistically analysed for the main effects of Animal, Forage, Supplement, Amount and their interactions at each incubation but not Animal based interactions. The Forage, Amount and Animal effects were significant (P<0.01) at most incubations whereas Supplement effect was significant at 72h only showing greater DMD for HP than LP (P<0.05). DMD increased with time for all main effects. Grass had greater DMD than Straw at all incubations (P<0.001). DMD increased (P<0.05) with time but not at 0h with increasing Amount and increased DMD was greater from 0 to 90 g/kg than at 90 to 180 g/kg. The animals differed (P<0.05) at all but 0h showing variable responses with the confounding effect of their gender, age, breed, size and pre-slaughter feeding. Apparently slaughtered cattle can be used to obtain RF to evaluate supplements for in vitro forage degradation. However, the selection of suitable donor animals of similar pre-slaughter characteristics would be critical if in vitro studies involving slaughtered animals are to be used to evaluate feed supplements before their use for grazing ruminants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slaughtered Cattle as a Source of Rumen Fluid to Evaluate Supplements for In Vitro Degradation of Grass Nuts and Barley Straw

Chaudhry¹

2008

TOVSJ

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“…Further studies are required to determine the ability of animals and the time required to change feeding rate according to changes in MLB composition. In line with this, Bowman et al [6] concluded that the correlations between feeding duration, feeding frequency, and intake found with loose supplements could not be extrapolated to molasses supplements. Finally, feeding frequency and duration of MLB in the present study did not differ between high and low feed availability when animals were offered OH, suggesting that low-quality forages fed continuously could increase the basal attendance of animals to MLB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the relationship between MLB feeding behaviour of individual animals and fed as a group and the quantity and quality of forage available measured over a long-term grazing study. Previous studies [14,15] also reported that the intake of molasses-based supplements can be influenced by forage availability but that feeding behaviour has not been adequately addressed in those studies [6]. Moreover, feeding rate was affected both across and within feed types, increasing at low feed availability even during short periods of rotational grazing (e.g., OC) or during hay supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, molasses-lick blocks (MLB) are self-fed supplements which aim to control MLB intake through the block hardness [5] while offering protein, minerals, and feed additives (e.g., ionophores, urea, and oil). Previous research suggests that MLB intake and feeding behaviour of cattle can be affected by several factors, including forage quantity and quality and the availability of other feed supplements [6,7]. However, the effects of these factors have not been investigated measuring MLB intake and LWC of a group of animals with concurrent measurements of feed quantity and quality [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time Monitoring of Self-Fed Supplement Intake, Feeding Behaviour, and Growth Rate as Affected by Forage Quantity and Quality of Rotationally Grazed Beef Cattle

Imaz

García

González

2019

Animals

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Simple Summary:In grazing systems, the use of novel technologies such as electronic feeders and automatic weighing systems enables collection of daily data of cattle feeding behaviour and growth. These technologies can be useful to study animal response to varying forage quantity and quality within and throughout grazing periods and seasons. The aim of this 254-day experiment was to investigate the effect of forage type, quantity, and quality on the consumption of a self-fed supplement (molasses-lick blocks (MLB)) and on the growth rate and feeding behaviour of grazing beef cattle. Results indicated that type and amount of forage affect MLB intake and feeding behaviour. Thus, when feed availability is low (e.g., forage on the paddock is depleted), animals increase consumption of and number and duration of visits to the supplementary feed. The use of MLB only improved growth rate of cattle when animals grazed sorghum and pasture or were fed oaten hay. Monitoring the feeding behaviour of animals around MLB reflects changes in forage quantity and quality.Abstract: Supplement intake and liveweight (LW) data were collected daily and remotely by digital in-paddock technologies (electronic feeder (EF) and walk-over-weighing scale (WOW)) to study the effect of forage quantity and quality on the intake of a self-fed supplement (molasses-lick blocks (MLB)), LW, liveweight change (LWC), and feeding behaviour of grazing beef cattle. Fifty-two crossbred weaners were rotationally grazed or fed for 254 days on different forages: sudangrass (SG), autumn pastures (P), winter pastures with concentrate (P+C), oat crops (OC), lucerne hay (LH), and oaten hay (OH). Forage quantity and quality were measured on the day of entry (high feed availability) and exit (low feed availability) stages of grazing or hay delivery. The intake of MLB was 111% higher (p < 0.05) at low compared to high feed availability, and this was also reflected in the feeding behaviour of animals (e.g., greater feeding frequency and rate). Moreover, there was a large temporal variability of daily MLB intake (Coefficient of variation (CV) = 146.41%). Supplementing MLB improved LWC only with SG, P, or OH (p < 0.05). The behaviour of animals around MLB reflects changes in feed quantity and quality and could be used to enhance cattle grazing and nutritional management in real time.

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“…Considerando que a rotação dos animais nos piquetes a cada 28 dias fosse uma das causas, apesar de nenhum tratamento ter sido continuamente beneficiado, a explicação mais razoável é que as oscilações no GPD decorreram de diferenças (1) nas Tabela 5 -Pesos vivos médios, inicial (PV i ) e final (PV f ), e médias de ganhos de peso diário (GPD), em kg, obtidos para os cinco tratamentos características das pastagens em cada piquete, que geraram diferenciais no consumo de pasto e na digestibilidade da forragem consumida; (2) no consumo de suplementos entre os animais de mesmo tratamento, problema amplamente discutido por Bowman et al (1995); e (3) entre os animais, relacionadas à capacidade de consumo, exigência de energia de mantença e concentração de energia no peso ganho, em cada período. Nas condições deste trabalho, as alterações no CMS de pasto, ou na qualidade da forragem, poderiam explicar a maior parte das oscilações nas médias de GPD, uma vez que os animais dependiam principalmente A eficiência alimentar (EA) dos animais suplementados no período compreendido entre o final de agosto e início de setembro foi de 0,11 kg de ganho/kg de MS ingerida e dos animais não-suplementados, de 0,012.…”

Section: Quantidade Fornecida (Amount Furnished) % Atendida (% Supplunclassified

Terminação de tourinhos Limousin X Nelore em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria Decumbens stapf, durante a estação seca, alimentados com diferentes concentrados

Santos¹,

Paulino²,

Filho³

et al. 2004

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o efeito do fornecimento de suplementos sobre o desempenho de 40 tourinhos F 1 Limousin X Nelore, em fase de terminação, inicialmente com 17 meses de idade e 367 kg de peso, em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria decumbens. Foram testados cinco tratamentos; em um deles os animais receberam apenas mistura mineral; nos outros quatro, os animais receberam concentrados constituídos por 1,49% de mistura mineral, 1,99% de uréia e diferentes proporções de milho quebrado, farelo de soja e farelo de trigo, com média de 24% de proteína bruta na matéria seca e diferentes teores de carboidratos não-fibrosos e de fibra em detergente neutro. Os concentrados foram fornecidos ad libitum em quantidades equivalentes, em matéria original, a 1% dos pesos dos animais. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições. Estudou-se, também, a influência de características do relvado sobre o GPD dos animais suplementados. Os resultados demonstraram que a terminação de bovinos para abate precoce, entre 22 e 24 meses de idade, em pastagens tropicais durante a época seca, é tecnicamente viável com a utilização de suplementos. Os animais suplementados apresentaram ganhos de peso (GPD) semelhantes entre si e superiores aos dos animais não-suplementados, em média, respectivamente, 915 e 104 g/dia. No mês de setembro, os animais não-suplementados perderam, em média, 292 g/dia. O GPD dos animais suplementados correlacionou-se linear e negativamente com disponibilidade de forragem morta e linear e positivamente com disponibilidade de forragem verde e com as seguintes razões: forragem verde/forragem morta, forragem verde/forragem disponível, folha verde/(caule verde + material morto) e folha verde/forragem disponível.Palavras-chave: novilho precoce, nutrição, produção a pasto, suplementação alimentar Finishing Limousin X Nelore Young Bulls in Brachiaria decumbens Stapf PostponedPasture, During Dry Season, Fed Different Concentrates ABSTRACT -The experiment was performed to determine the supplements effects in the animal performance of forty crossbred Limousin-Nelore young bulls, aging 17 months and 367 kg average live weight, in Brachiaria decumbens postponed pasture, and during the dry season. The animals were distributed in five treatments: T 1 , control, the animals received only mineral complex; and the others were constituted by 1.49% of mineral complex, 1.99% of urea, and cracked corn, soybean meal and wheat bran in different percentages. The treatments had 24% crude protein of the dry matter, and different non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. The concentrates were offered in amount equivalent to 1% of animal live weight on original matter basis. The experiment was analyzed in completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications. The influence of pasture characteristics over the supplemented animals performances were studied. The results showed that young bulls can be finished on t...

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Liquid supplementation for ruminants fed low-quality forage diets: a review

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

Slaughtered Cattle as a Source of Rumen Fluid to Evaluate Supplements for In Vitro Degradation of Grass Nuts and Barley Straw

Slaughtered Cattle as a Source of Rumen Fluid to Evaluate Supplements for In Vitro Degradation of Grass Nuts and Barley Straw

Real-Time Monitoring of Self-Fed Supplement Intake, Feeding Behaviour, and Growth Rate as Affected by Forage Quantity and Quality of Rotationally Grazed Beef Cattle

Terminação de tourinhos Limousin X Nelore em pastagem diferida de Brachiaria Decumbens stapf, durante a estação seca, alimentados com diferentes concentrados

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