Liquid Systems with Fullerenes in Organic Solvents and Aqueous Media

Kyzyma, O. A.

doi:10.15407/ujpe65.9.761

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Solutions of fullerenes and their derivatives remain the focus of attention for researchers in various fields, , including photovoltaics, , electrochemistry, and biomedicine. , Therefore, new publications continue to report on the properties of fullerenes in non-aqueous ,− and aqueous ,,,, solutions. In polar solutions, fullerenes readily form colloids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected Colloidal Stability of Fullerenes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Related Systems

et al. 2022

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It is known that fullerenes are poorly soluble in polar solvents, but readily form colloidal solutions in such media. These solutions are typically solvophobic (hydrophobic when prepared in water), that is, thermodynamically unstable colloidal systems with negatively charged particles. To understand the stability factors of a colloidal system, the thresholds for coagulation of a sol or suspension by electrolytes are of key importance. While hydrosols and aqueous suspensions coagulate at concentrations of 1:1 inorganic electrolytes about 0.1− 0.2 M, in acetonitrile and methanol, the corresponding critical concentrations of coagulation are ca. 3 orders of magnitude lower. Given the wide variety of properties of organic solvents, it seemed important to complete the picture to study solvents with more basic properties. This is all the more reasonable since electrophilic fullerenes are in fact Lewis acids. Our choice was dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, and related solvent systems. The colloidal solutions of fullerenes C 60 and C 70 in DMSO and N,N-dimethyl formamide, DMF, are unexpectedly easy to prepare by mechanical methods, and addition of water leads to formation of relatively stable organo-hydrosols. UV−visible spectra and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the solutions of C 60 and C 70 in DMSO, benzene−DMSO, acetonitrile−DMSO, and benzene−acetonitrile−DMSO systems, as well as in DMF. Our present study demonstrated that, in contrast to organosols in methanol and acetonitrile, colloids of C 70 and C 60 fullerenes in DMSO and DMF are surprisingly as stable with respect to electrolytes as the corresponding hydrosols are. Such high stability is caused by the non-DLVO interactions, or, in terms proposed by Churaev and Derjaguin, by the so-called structural effect. These results shed light on the nature of the solvation of colloidal fullerene particles in solvents of various chemical natures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected Colloidal Stability of Fullerenes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Related Systems

et al. 2022

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“…In some studies, initial solutions for investigation of the NMP-toluene systems were prepared either in toluene or in both polar and "good" nonpolar solvents [140,[143][144][145]. Fullerene C60 and C70 solutions in N-methylpyrrolidine-2-one, NMP ( r ε = 32), are a special case [17,21,[125][126][127][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148]. While dilution of fullerene solutions in toluene, benzene, or CS2 by acetonitrile, acetone, or alcohols is quite understandable from the point of view of colloid chemistry as an example of "bottom-up" preparation, the "top-down" preparation of fullerene colloids in the last "poor" solvents needs sonication.…”

Section: "Top-down" Preparation Of Organosols and Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, different modifications and improvements of the introduction of fullerenes into water were proposed [12][13][14][15][16]. The peculiar properties of fullerene solutions in various liquid media are the subject of many publications, including reviews [17][18][19][20][21]. There are also several reviews on this topic by one of the authors of this article [22][23][24][25], and therefore we will not repeat much of what is considered in detail in these articles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, typical colloid solutions, i.e., suspensions and organosols, can appear in such solvents as acetonitrile, acetone, N-methyl-pyrrolidine-2-one, ethanol, etc. [17,[39][40][41][42][43][44]. Sun and Bunker, who first revealed the formation of C 70 aggregates in the toluene-acetonitrile solvent system, considered the new species as clusters, quite different from colloidal ones [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their next studies [46,47] as well as subsequent research [39,44], make it possible to classify these systems as colloidal. In water, only hydrosols and suspensions are formed [17,20,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation

Mchedlov-Petrossyan,

Marfunin,

Kriklya

2023

Liquids

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This review article is devoted to the colloidal properties of fullerene solutions. According to generally accepted understandings, all solvents in relations to fullerenes are divided into “good”, “poor”, and “reactive”. We have consistently considered the state of fullerenes in these systems. In “good”, predominantly non-polar aromatic solvents and CS2, non-equilibrium dissolution methods lead to the formation of colloidal aggregates, whereas the utilization of equilibrium methods results in the formation of molecular solutions. The latter, however, have some unusual properties; new results considered in this review confirm previously expressed ideas about colloidal properties of these solutions. In “poor” (polar) solvents, lyophobic colloidal systems appear. Both “bottom-up” and “top-down” methods of preparation are well documented in the literature. However, N-methylpyrrolidine-2-one, DMSO, and DMF dissolve fullerenes quite easily and with less energy consumption. These solvents can be considered a subset of “poor” solvents that have some features of being “reactive” at the expense of basic properties. New data confirm that hydrosols of fullerenes are typical hydrophobic colloids that obey the Schulze–Hardy rule and other regularities in the presence of electrolytes. Organosols in acetonitrile and methanol are much less stable with respect to the effects of electrolytes. This allows us to assume a non-DLVO stabilizing factor in the hydrosols. Accordingly, a new estimate of the Hamaker constant of fullerene–fullerene interaction is proposed. In DMSO and DMF, the coagulation of fullerene sols is hindered due to strong solvation with these basic solvents.

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Self-organization of C ₆₀ fullerene molecules in xylene/ethanol mixtures

Makhmanov,

Esanov,

Aslonov

et al. 2024

Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures

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Liquid Systems with Fullerenes in Organic Solvents and Aqueous Media

Cited by 4 publications

References 81 publications

Unexpected Colloidal Stability of Fullerenes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Related Systems

Unexpected Colloidal Stability of Fullerenes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Related Systems

Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation

Self-organization of C ₆₀ fullerene molecules in xylene/ethanol mixtures

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Liquid Systems with Fullerenes in Organic Solvents and Aqueous Media

Cited by 4 publications

References 81 publications

Unexpected Colloidal Stability of Fullerenes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Related Systems

Unexpected Colloidal Stability of Fullerenes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Related Systems

Colloid Chemistry of Fullerene Solutions: Aggregation and Coagulation

Self-organization of C 60 fullerene molecules in xylene/ethanol mixtures

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Self-organization of C ₆₀ fullerene molecules in xylene/ethanol mixtures