Liquid Vaporization in a Fluidized Bed

Leclère, Karine; Briens, Cédric; Gauthier, Thierry; Bayle, Jérôme; Bergougnou, M.A.; Guigon, Pierre

doi:10.1021/ie001149m

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…1,2 It has been shown that improving the contact of injected liquid with fluidized particles increases the yield of valuable liquid products in both the fluid catalytic cracking process, where most of the liquid is vaporizable, and in the fluid coking process, where most of the liquid is not directly vaporizable, but must first be cracked to generate vaporizable fractions. 1,3 In the case of vaporizable liquids, liquid-solid agglomerates may or may not be formed, depending on the operating conditions, 4,5 while they always form with nonvaporizable liquids. 6 Bruhns et al 7 investigated the interaction between vaporizable liquid jets and fluidized solids in a pilot-scale re-actor operated at 120-180 8C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric conductance method to study the contact of injected liquid with fluidized particles

et al. 2008

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in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).A sensitive and reliable experimental technique was developed to assess the performance of gas-atomization nozzles injecting liquid into a gas-solid fluidized bed. Gas atomizers are used to inject liquid feeds into industrial fluid cokers, fluid catalytic crackers, and gas-phase polymerization reactors. In the fluid coking process, for example, both liquid yields and reactor operability are affected by how well the injected liquid contacts the fluidized particles. The new experimental method assesses the quality of the liquid-solid contact from the electric conductance of the bed solids wetted with the injected liquid. The validity of the method was corroborated by direct comparison with the results provided by alternative experimental techniques, as well as by numerical modeling of the evolution of the bed conductance for various types of liquid distribution within the bed solids. The electric conductance technique can help optimize liquid injection into fluidized beds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric conductance method to study the contact of injected liquid with fluidized particles

et al. 2008

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“…However, a similar structure has been observed in coke from delayed cokers; therefore, this cannot be viewed as a proof of the formation of liquid layers. 5 Leclere et al 6 have developed a method to characterize the contact between a vaporizing liquid and a fluidized bed by measuring the vaporization rate of the injected liquid. Unfortunately, this method cannot be readily adapted to applications with a nonvaporizing liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection of a Liquid Spray into a Fluidized Bed: Particle−Liquid Mixing and Impact on Fluid Coker Yields

House

Saberian

Briens

et al. 2004

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In industrial fluid cokers, the feedstock, consisting of heavy bituminous hydrocarbons, is atomized with steam and injected into the hot fluidized bed of coke. Good and uniform contact of the liquid droplets with the solid particles is required to provide heat for the cracking reactions while mass transfer effects are minimized. Experiments in a pilot plant coker have suggested that the initial particle/liquid mixing, in the spray jet, is rather poor. Experiments in a X-ray scanner showed that liquid droplets and entrained particles accumulate just below the tip of the jet plume. To illustrate the importance of the initial liquid-solid mixing, a simple model has been proposed to predict its effect on coker yields. An experimental technique was developed to quantitatively determine the quality of mixing with current nozzle technology and a new enhanced solids entrainment (ESE) device. The model has been used in combination with the experimental results to show the effect of ESE on product yields. The ESE nozzle has been shown to greatly improve liquid/solid mixing by increasing the amount of wetted solids and achieving a more uniform initial liquid/solid mix. The model suggests that ESE will improve liquid yield by up to 0.6 wt % and reduce the coke yield by up to 2 wt %.

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“…Rapid dispersion of wetted solids is essential in fluid coking and other fluidized bed processes, such as olefin polymerization cooled by liquid injection, , fluid catalytic cracking, some petrochemical reactors, solid agglomeration, , and particle coating . In such processes, the low-temperature zone that results from the liquid injection expands with an increasing liquid flow rate and shrinks with an increasing superficial gas velocity, , presumably because solid dispersion increases with an increasing superficial gas velocity, moderately in the bubbling fluidization regime and more strongly in the turbulent fluidization regime .…”

Section: Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Research Related to Fluid Cokers

Briens

McMillan

2021

Energy Fuels

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Fluid coking is a thermal conversion process that uses a conventional two-vessel circulating fluidized bed to convert heavy hydrocarbon feeds to lighter products. The technology was developed in the 1950s and since then has been used commercially around the world to upgrade heavy oils from various sources. Research work has been summarized related to all aspects of the fluid coking process, including reaction fundamentals, bed hydrodynamics, liquid distribution and jet–bed interaction, mixing of solid particles and agglomerates, mixing of vapors, control of the particle size, cleaning of the vapor stream in the scrubber, cleaning of the cold coke in the stripper, process monitoring, coke transfer lines, and the burner. The fluid coking process involves complex interactions between fluidized bed hydrodynamics, liquid feed injection, and reaction kinetics, and research tools that can take into account all of these interacting variables are requited to test methods to optimize the process. Fluid cokers can process many different types of feeds, and future applications may include blending and co-processing a variety of feedstocks ranging from waste plastics, pyrolytic bio-oil, and off-spec vegetable oils with heavy oil. The findings from this summary are also relevant for other applications that inject liquid into fluidized beds, such as the fluid catalytic cracking process, olefin polymerization cooled by liquid injection, granulators, and coaters.

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Liquid Vaporization in a Fluidized Bed

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Electric conductance method to study the contact of injected liquid with fluidized particles

Electric conductance method to study the contact of injected liquid with fluidized particles

Injection of a Liquid Spray into a Fluidized Bed: Particle−Liquid Mixing and Impact on Fluid Coker Yields

Review of Research Related to Fluid Cokers

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