Liquid vortexes and flows induced by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid governing formation of circular and crisscross LIPSS

Zhang, Dongshi; Li, Xinzhuo; Fu, Yao; Yao, Qinghe; Li, Zhuguo; Sugioka, Koji

doi:10.29026/oea.2022.210066

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In this context, fs laser structuring continues to attract attention thanks to its applicability to almost any type of material, for its wide technological potential in various fields (e.g., photonics, optoelectronics, micro- and nano-fluidics, biomedicine, and so forth), and to explore the merits of novel laser sources and approaches [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. In this context, the fundamental process is represented by the formation of self-organized laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), whose mechanisms are still actively discussed and under investigation [ 4 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Most of the studies concern the formation of surface structures characterized by subwavelength spatial period, Λ, indicated as ripples, which are classified into low spatial frequency LIPSS (LFSL), for λ/2 < Λ < λ, and high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL), for Λ < λ/2, λ being the laser wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Surface Structuring of Copper with Spherical and Cylindrical Lenses

Nivas

D’Andrea

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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The use of a cylindrical lens in femtosecond laser surface structuring is receiving attention to improve the processing efficiency. Here, we investigate the structures produced on a copper target, in air, by exploiting both spherical and cylindrical lenses for beam focusing, aiming at elucidating similarities and differences of the two approaches. The morphological features of the surface structures generated by ≈180 fs laser pulses at 1030 nm over areas of 8 × 8 mm2 were analyzed. For the spherical lens, micron-sized parallel channels are formed on the target surface, which is covered by subwavelength ripples and nanoparticles. Instead, the cylindrical lens leads to a surface decorated with ripples and nanoparticles with a negligible presence of micro-channels. Moreover, the morphological features achieved by focusing ≈180 fs laser pulses at 515 nm with the cylindrical lens and varying the scanning parameters were also studied. The experimental results evidence a direct effect of the hatch distance used in the scanning process on the target surface that contains dark and bright bands corresponding to regions where the rippled surface contains a richer decoration or a negligible redeposition of nanoparticles. Our findings can be of interest in large area surface structuring for the selection of the more appropriate focusing configuration according to the final application of the structured surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Surface Structuring of Copper with Spherical and Cylindrical Lenses

Nivas

D’Andrea

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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“…Heat induced oxide layer formation [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], where the surface of a metallic sample is heated and forms a transparent oxide layer, which is based on the thickness of the layer due to the interference of light, suppresses specific wavelengths. Laser induced periodic surface structure formation (LIPSS) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] is where the periodic structures act as diffraction gratings and reflect different wavelengths at different angles, thus creating a colored appearance of the exposed areas. Other methods regarding surface marking, such as color appearance due to surface plasmonic resonance [ 17 ], chemical composition change induced contrast [ 18 ], and randomly distributed nanoparticles [ 19 ], have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Contrast Marking of Stainless-Steel Using Bursts of Femtosecond Laser Pulses

et al. 2023

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The marking and surface structuring of various materials is important in various industrial fields such as biomaterials, luxury goods, anti-counterfeiting, automotive and aerospace, electronics and semiconductor industries, and others. Recent advances in laser technology, such as burst-mode lasers, have opened new ways of affecting the surfaces of various materials, inducing a different appearance and/or properties of the laser-exposed areas. From earlier studies, it is known that when splitting a single pulse into multiple pulses and thus creating a quasi-MHz–GHz repetition rate regime, it is possible to increase not only the ablation efficiency but it also provides the possibility to tune the heat in-flow into the surface. Such new regimes enable the control of the surface roughness as well as the optical properties and corrosion resistance. In this work, we analyze the effect of the different burst-mode regimes for the marking of stainless-steel samples, aiming to produce high-contrast marking having different shades of black/white color (black-gray-white). Moreover, we investigate the angular dependence of the reflected light after laser treatment numerically from the measured surface morphology

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“…Concerning the potential physical origin of LIPSS formation, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain its generation, such as interference between the laser and induced scattering wave, or with the surface plasmon polariton (SPP), self-organization mechanisms, Marangoni convection flow, Marangoni bursting, and liquid vortexes and flows, etc. [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Although the exact mechanism of the origin of the LIPSS remains under debate, there is no doubt that the fs laser irradiation process eventually leads to modification of the material surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Monocrystalline Silicon Micro-Nano Structures Irradiated by Femtosecond Laser

et al. 2022

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Femtosecond (fs) laser processing has received great attention for preparing novel micro-nano structures and functional materials. However, the induction mechanism of the micro-nano structures induced by fs lasers still needs to be explored. In this work, the laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) of monocrystalline silicon (Si) under fs laser irradiation is investigated. Three different layers named amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer, transition layer, and unaffected Si layer are observed after laser irradiation. The a-Si layer on the surface is generated by the resolidification of melting materials. The unaffected Si layer is not affected by laser irradiation and maintains the initial atomic structure. The transition layer consisting of a-Si and unaffected Si layers was observed under the irradiated subsurface. The phase transition mechanism of Si irradiated by fs laser is “amorphous transition”, with the absence of other crystal structures. A numerical model is established to describe the fs laser-Si interaction to characterize the electronic (lattice) dynamics of the LIPSS formation. The obtained results contribute to the understanding of fs laser processing of Si at the atomic scale as well as broaden the application prospects of fs laser for treating other semiconductor materials.

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Liquid vortexes and flows induced by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid governing formation of circular and crisscross LIPSS

Cited by 31 publications

References 85 publications

Periodic Surface Structuring of Copper with Spherical and Cylindrical Lenses

Periodic Surface Structuring of Copper with Spherical and Cylindrical Lenses

High-Contrast Marking of Stainless-Steel Using Bursts of Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Research on Monocrystalline Silicon Micro-Nano Structures Irradiated by Femtosecond Laser

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