List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species Non‐passerines

Voous, K. H.

doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1973.tb02004.x

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In addition to differentiation in neutral markers, the North African green woodpecker exhibits several diagnostic plumage characters (Cramp, 1985;Winkler & Christie, 2002). As this lineage differs in several functionally independent genetic and phenotypic traits, we think, in line with some previous authors (Peters, 1948;Vaurie, 1959;Voous, 1973), that species rank Picus vaillantii (Malherbe, 1847) is the best taxonomic treatment.…”

Section: Species and Subspecies Limitssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The grey region corresponds to the known range of P. viridis. 1959;Voous, 1973;Short, 1982) and even an early offshoot that occupies a basal position among red-crowned Picus species (Voous, 1977). In a molecular phylogeny of the genus Picus, Fuchs et al (2008) showed that the red-crowned species (10 species) form a monophyletic group and suggested a sistergroup relationship between P. v. viridis and P. v. sharpei, but they were not able to include the North African P. v. vaillantii in their study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Phylogeography of the Eurasian green woodpecker (Picus viridis)

Pons

Olioso²,

Cruaud

et al. 2010

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim In this paper we investigate the evolutionary history of the Eurasian green woodpecker (Picus viridis) using molecular markers. We specifically focus on the respective roles of Pleistocene climatic oscillations and geographical barriers in shaping the current population genetics within this species. In addition, we discuss the validity of current species and subspecies limits.Location Western Palaearctic: Europe to western Russia, and Africa north of the Sahara. MethodsWe sequenced two mitochondrial genes and five nuclear introns for 17 Eurasian green woodpeckers. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian algorithms. In addition, we sequenced a fragment of the cytochrome b gene (cyt b, 427 bp) and of the Z-linked BRM intron 15 for 113 and 85 individuals, respectively. The latter data set was analysed using population genetic methods. ResultsOur phylogenetic results support the monophyly of Picus viridis and suggest that this taxon comprises three allopatric/parapatric lineages distributed in North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and Europe, respectively. The North African lineage split from the Iberian/European clade during the early Pleistocene (1.6-2.2 Ma). The divergence event between the Iberian and the European lineages occurred during the mid-Pleistocene (0.7-1.2 Ma). Our results also support a post-glacial range expansion of these two lineages from distinct refugia located in the Iberian Peninsula and possibly in eastern Europe or Anatolia, which led to the establishment of a secondary contact zone in southern France.Main conclusions Our results emphasize the crucial role of both Pleistocene climatic oscillations and geographical barriers (Strait of Gibraltar, Pyrenees chain) in shaping the current genetic structure of the Eurasian green woodpecker. Our molecular data, in combination with diagnosable plumage characters, suggest that the North African green woodpecker (Levaillant's woodpecker) merits species rank as Picus vaillantii (Malherbe, 1847). The two European lineages could be distinguished by molecular and phenotypic characters over most of their respective geographical ranges, but they locally exchange genes in southern France. Consequently, we prefer to treat them as subspecies (P. viridis viridis, P. viridis sharpei) pending further studies.

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Section: Species and Subspecies Limitssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Phylogeography of the Eurasian green woodpecker (Picus viridis)

Pons

Olioso²,

Cruaud

et al. 2010

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Stocked ( Anas platyrhynchos , Phasianus colchicus , Perdix perdix ), invasive ( Branta canadensis ), and pelagic ( Uria aalge , Cepphus grylle , Alca torda ) species were excluded from the analysis, leaving a total of 193 species (scientific names follow Grell, 1998, which follows Voous, 1973, Voous, 1977). Seventeen species established new breeding populations in Denmark in the period between the two atlas surveys, while no species went extinct.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of intraspecific relationships between range size and abundance in Danish birds

Borregaard

Rahbek

2006

Diversity and Distributions

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In this study, we investigate patterns in the prevalence of dynamic range-abundance relationships of the Danish avifauna, using breeding bird atlases from 1971 to 1974 and from 1993 to 1996. We focus on differences between common and rare species by dividing the assemblage into range-size quartiles. The trend in total population size was determined using an index. Range was determined as grid cell occupancy and standardized to facilitate comparisons between common and rare species. While narrow-ranging species showed strong and consistent range-abundance relationships, the relationships for widespread species were weak and exhibited considerable variation. This may be due to differences in patterns of resource use, since widespread species generally have wider niches, and so may be less affected by resource-based factors linking range and abundance. Since a tight and dynamic relationship is upheld for rare species, monitoring strategies based on range size surveys seem viable. Figure 2 The relationship between standardized change in occupancy and the population trend index (see Appendix S1). A separate regression line is shown for the species monitored extensively in the Danish government's conservation monitoring programme.

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“…The number of species that currently breed in the area was determined using information summarized in Cramp (1985,1988,1992), Cramp and Simmons (1977, 1979 and Cramp andPerrins (1993, 1994) and completed with several other sources (Voous 1973, 1977, Howard & Moore 1980, Kasparek 1992, Tucker et al 1994. We included some species that occur in small numbers or for which the Mediterranean area is a marginal breeding region (e.g.…”

Section: Sources and Characteristics Of The Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and history of the Mediterranean bird fauna

Covas

Blondel

1998

Ibis

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With 366 species of breeding birds, the Mediterranean region is a “hot spot” of species diversity. Many biogeographic realms contributed to the establishment of the extant fauna, which makes this region a crossroads for birds, but the two most important realms are the large forest blocks that extend today over Eurasia and the semi‐arid belts of the southern and southwestern Palaearctic. The few groups that presumably differentiated within the Mediterranean basin are mostly birds of open habitats and shrublands (e.g. Sylvia spp.), whereas few species evolved in Mediterranean forests dominated by sclerophyllous evergreen tree species. We suggest this results from the history of vegetation belts and their associated faunas during the Pleistocene. On the whole, in contrast to other groups of vertebrates, the bird fauna is fairly homogeneously distributed all over the basin although there are some regional‐specific trends in species assemblages, mostly on the basis of habitat selection and biogeographic origin. Many species of eastern and southeastern origin invaded the Mediterranean basin on the northern side of the sea up to the Balkan peninsula and the southern side to the Atlantic coast. The extant biogeographic patterns of the Mediterranean bird fauna are interpreted in the light of the Quaternary history shared by the biotas of the western Palaearctic in relation to the cycle of climatic changes which produced periodic huge spatiotemporal migrations of communities and populations. The severe human impact that started c. 8000‐10,000 years ago resulted not so much in species extinctions as in dramatic changes in distributional patterns, complicating the reconstruction of biogeographic scenarios.

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List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species Non‐passerines

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Phylogeography of the Eurasian green woodpecker (Picus viridis)

Phylogeography of the Eurasian green woodpecker (Picus viridis)

Prevalence of intraspecific relationships between range size and abundance in Danish birds

Biogeography and history of the Mediterranean bird fauna

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