Listeria monocytogens - Amended understanding of its pathogenesis with a complete picture of its membrane vesicles, quorum sensing, biofilm and invasion

Kannan, Suganya; Balakrishnan, Jeyakumar; Govindasamy, Ambujam

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104575

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Acquisition of efflux pumps might be an advantage, not only to tolerate QACs and persist in FPEs, but also to tolerate antibiotics commonly used in clinics [ 109 ]. For a more detailed overview of Listeria biofilms we refer the reader to recent excellent reviews [ 110 , 111 ]).…”

Section: Listeria Responds To Environmental Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

et al. 2021

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Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host’s gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host–pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.

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Section: Listeria Responds To Environmental Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

et al. 2021

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“…The ability to escape the phagosome is mediated by multiple bacterial virulence factors, including listeriolysin O (LLO, encoded by the hly gene) and two phospholipases C (Gaillard et al, 1987). It has been reported that both Listeria and host cells release EVs during the course of L. monocytogenes infection (Kannan et al, 2020).…”

Section: Evs In the Context Of A Listeria Monocytogenes Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria- and host-derived extracellular vesicles – two sides of the same coin?

Schorey

Cheng

McManus

2021

Journal of Cell Science

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Intracellular bacterial pathogens spend portions of their life cycle both inside and outside host cells. While in these two distinct environments, they release or shed bacterial components, including virulence factors that promote their survival and replication. Some of these components are released through extracellular vesicles, which are either derived from the bacteria themselves or from the host cells. Bacteria- and host-derived vesicles have been studied almost exclusively in isolation from each other, with little discussion of the other type of secreted vesicles, despite the fact that both are generated during an in vivo infection and both are likely play a role in bacterial pathogenesis and host immunity. In this Review, we aim to bridge this gap and discuss what we know of bacterial membrane vesicles in their generation and composition. We will compare and contrast this with the composition of host-derived vesicles with regard to bacterial components. We will also compare host cell responses to the different vesicles, with a focus on how these vesicles modulate the immune response, using Mycobacterium, Listeria and Salmonella as specific examples for these comparisons.

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“…In the biofilm, bacteria are embedded by an extracellular matrix able to function as a structural scaffold and defense barrier [8]. Once established, biofilms confer protection against harsh environmental conditions, enabling to sustain the survival of bacteria and tolerance to food environment related hurdles [10]. These persistent strains have been linked to recurring contamination of finished products [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once established, biofilms confer protection against harsh environmental conditions, enabling to sustain the survival of bacteria and tolerance to food environment related hurdles [10]. These persistent strains have been linked to recurring contamination of finished products [10][11][12]. Although this cross-contamination transfers low levels of L. monocytogenes onto food, its psychrotrophic nature enables growth during refrigerated storage, reaching levels that might represent an increased risk to the consumer [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effect on Listeria Monocytogenes Planktonic Growth and Biofilm-Forming Ability

Andrade¹,

Bernardo²,

Barreto³

et al. 2020

J Vet Med Animal Sci

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Listeria Monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen with the capacity to grow at low temperatures and the ability to form biofilms. These features are particularly significant to food business operators producing readyto-eat foods with a long refrigerated shelf-life not undergoing any listericidal treatment before consumption. Objectives: This work aims to assess the temperature effect on L. monocytogenes growth in planktonic suspension and in mono-species biofilms. Methods and results: Isothermal planktonic growth at 12o C and 37o C was assayed using viable cell counts and optical density measurements that revealed a strong positive correlation, confirming the reliability of combining both methods to estimate L. monocytogenes concentration. Experimental data were then fitted to Baranyi and Roberts primary predictive model and the estimated growth parameters confirmed that μmax at 37o C (0.375 ± 0.072 log Cfu/ ml/h) was higher than at 120 C (0.054 ± 0.001 log Cfu/ml/h), with identical L. monocytogenes final concentrations which emphasizes its ability to grow at refrigerated temperatures. Experimental results from the isothermal growth assay and ComBase Predictor growth model were similar, with slightly higher estimated μmax (37o C: 0.480 log Cfu/ml/h; 12o C: 0.068 log Cfu/ml/h) in the predictor growth model. The studied strains demonstrated biofilm-forming ability at 12o C, 20o C and 300 C after 5 days of growth. No significant differences in biofilm formation at different temperatures were detected considering viable cell counts values, but when using crystal violet staining optical density results significant differences were found, with the highest formation occurring at 30ºC. A positive strong correlation was found between viable cell counts and crystal violet staining optical density results. In fact, both methods complement each other, because while viable cell counts measures viable cells, crystal violet staining optical density considers total biomass (viable and non-viable cells and extracellular matrix components). Nevertheless, in this work all L. monocytogenes strains revealed to be weak biofilm producers. Conclusion: Overall, this studys results contribute with important initial information on L. monocytogenes growth and biofilm formation to further assist predictive growth modeling in food matrices and environments, also enabling subsequent quantitative microbial risk assessment, to improve pathogen’s control.

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Listeria monocytogens - Amended understanding of its pathogenesis with a complete picture of its membrane vesicles, quorum sensing, biofilm and invasion

Cited by 22 publications

References 89 publications

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

Bacteria- and host-derived extracellular vesicles – two sides of the same coin?

Temperature Effect on Listeria Monocytogenes Planktonic Growth and Biofilm-Forming Ability

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