Literature review of baseline study for risk analysis — The landfill leachate case

Development of a conceptual framework of holistic risk assessment — Landfill as a particular type of contaminated land

“…The main aim of this paper is to present a conceptual model, in the form of a framework of a holistic risk assessment methodology in which all factors and sub-factors of the risk assessment are categorically and sequentially drawn together and the afore-listed absent features (Section 1.1) are appropriately integrated. In pursuit of this, following on from the authors previous literature review papers (5,26,35) in which knowledge gaps were identified in detail; the scope of this paper is to bridge those identified knowledge gaps by building new and innovative knowledge blocks. Yet, also more systematically assemble together existing knowledge blocks from current risk assessment approaches and eventually demonstrate a conceptual framework of an exhaustively more holistic risk assessment approach.…”

“…And as for the knowledge gaps, which were identified in the authors previous publications (5,26,35), new building blocks of knowledge are created.…”

“…Keeping in view the aforesaid elements of the development strategy (Section 2.0), the HA is divided into four sub-parts as follows: The R Esti is also divided into four sub-parts, which are: The Baseline Study is defined as the most preliminary step of a hazard assessment as well as risk analysis in which all basic information / data is gathered, organised and analysed (35). Hazard and risk assessment process is based on the baseline study.…”

“…Examples of such features are listed below. Butt et al (5,26,35) also explained why a holistic risk assessment approach can be more useful than traditional tools. For instance, the Water Framework Directive (27) is being transposed and implemented in the UK and the other European Union member states.…”

“…On the basis of these key pieces of environmental legislation, which are increasingly becoming more holistic, it can be concluded that a sound holistic approach towards risk assessment is not only appropriate, but may well be mandated in the near future. Despite this, current guidance notes and approaches (such as chemical prioritisation) regarding risk assessments do not offer a holistic framework specifically for landfills and do not appear to have (5,8,18,26,35,37,38,39,40,41):  included procedures for individual constituents of RA (e.g. baseline study, hazard identification and categorisation, hazard concentration assessment, exposure assessment with exposure quantification; pollutant migration analysis and likelihood or probability of a target / receptor to be effectively hit by the hazard.…”