Literature study on the rate and mechanism of carbonation of lime in mortars / Literaturstudie über Mechanismus und Grad der Karbonatisierung von Kalkhydrat im Mörtel

Despotou, E.; Shtiza, Aurela; Schlegel, T.; Verhelst, Frederik

doi:10.1002/dama.201500674

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The reliability of the equation has been proved by several experimental studies [92,97,98]. Nevertheless, simple empirical measurements for the monitoring of carbonation demonstrated the absence of a sharp carbonation boundary, confirming rather the occurrence of volumes of material of high and low carbonation level upon the global progression of the reaction process [99]. In this perspective, the progression of the carbonation process can be practically described through an asymptotic function [100].…”

Section: Kinetics Of Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Based on the literature review by Despotou et al [99], the mechanisms and kinetics of carbonation depend strongly on the mineralogy, texture of mortars, type of additive and lime used, the width of the walls, thickness of the mortar (less carbonation when mortar depth increases), as well as the timeframe allowing the carbonation process to take place. Under natural conditions, actual building practice and depending on the thickness of the mortar/plaster, carbonation takes between a few weeks and several years (see also discussion in section 3.4).…”

Section: Drying Vs Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…resulting in increasing values of available CO2 within the system [99]. On the other hand, this water presence allows the calcium hydroxide dissolution and thus its availability for carbonation.…”

Section: Carbonation Vs Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RILEM TC 277-LHS report: a review on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of lime-based binding systems

et al. 2021

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The main objective of RILEM TC LHS-277 “Specifications for testing and evaluation of lime-based repair materials for historic Structures” is the revision, adaption and, when necessary proposal, of the test methods to accurately study lime-based binding systems and mixtures, such as mortars and grouts. The empiric use of the lime-based composites and the predominant employ of cement in the field of Civil Engineering have led to the widespread application of test methods developed for cement-based composites to test the former. However, the clear differences in composition and performance between modern cement binders and lime-based materials would advise to explore specific test methods for the latter. To undertake this task the previous knowledge on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of these binders must be revised, arranged and synthesized. Processes such as drying, carbonation, hydration and pozzolanic reaction may occur during the setting and hardening of lime-based mortars and competition between them cannot be underestimated. With the aim of underpinning the revision and proposal of test methods for lime-based systems, this review paper reports a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of setting and hardening of these binders, considering the variability of the composition, which includes pure air lime as well as lime with hydraulic properties, lime-cement and lime-pozzolan systems.

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Section: Kinetics Of Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Drying Vs Carbonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RILEM TC 277-LHS report: a review on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of lime-based binding systems

et al. 2021

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“…The presence of Portlandite implies that full carbonation of the lime was not reached when analyses were performed after 28 days. This is quite common in limes where carbonation takes place over a period of time ranging from a few weeks to several years [73]. The rutile TiO 2 detected in the XRD patterns comes from the original Tradical Décor reference sample (ETD) and is present in the material, as it is needed for aesthetic purposes as a whitener (pigment).…”

Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Lime Render for Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Improvement

et al. 2021

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This article reports a novel photocatalytic lime render for indoor and outdoor air quality improvement that is composed of a lime binder and doped TiO2 (KRONOClean 7000®) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were distributed throughout the bulk of the finishing render, instead of as a thin coating, thus ensuring the durability of the photocatalytic properties upon superficial damage. The physical properties of these renders were not affected by the addition of nanoparticles except in the case of surface area, which increased significantly. In terms of their photocatalytic activity, these novel lime renders were shown to degrade up to 12% NOx under UV light and up to 11% formaldehyde under visible light.

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“…Hydrated lime is applied in a wide range of sectors, from the metals industry to the construction materials sector, in civil engineering, environmental protection, agriculture, and in the chemical industry. During the operational life of products containing lime, the hydrated lime will react with atmospheric CO 2 according to Reaction 3, generating calcium carbonate again, thus removing CO 2 from the atmosphere and storing it permanently [3,4]. The carbonation reaction is exothermal and therefore thermodynamically favourable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and enhanced carbonation of lime in its different applications: a review

Campo

Tua

Biganzoli

et al. 2021

Environmental Technology Reviews

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Lime is a product derived from the thermal decomposition of limestone (mainly calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ) into quicklime (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), also called calcination. Controlled reaction with water is used to manufacture hydrated lime (Ca(OH) 2 ) products. Lime is used in a wide variety of applications: metals industry, construction materials sector, civil engineering, environmental protection, agriculture, and chemical industry. Lime production is one of the sources of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions resulting in global warming and ocean acidification. However, a proportion of the CO 2 emitted during the calcination is reabsorbed by the lime during the product life within its different applications. This process called carbonation is thermodynamically favoured because it is exothermal. It allows permanent CO 2 storage in a stable product since the lime combines with gaseous CO 2 reforming CaCO 3 . This paper reports a comprehensive literature review on the carbonation potential of lime in different applications. The total carbonation potential is assessed as carbonation rate, i.e. the ratio between the CO 2 reabsorbed through carbonation during the operational life of lime and the CO 2 emitted during limestone calcination. This study provided preliminary evidence that, based on the current EU market, on average 23-33% of lime process emissions are carbonated during the use phase. Carbonation over time is also analysed for the lime applications where information is available. For three applications, namely water, flue gas cleaning and pulp and paper, the carbonation reaction is instantaneous. Up to 22% of the calcination emissions are absorbed within five years based on the current EU market.

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Literature study on the rate and mechanism of carbonation of lime in mortars / Literaturstudie über Mechanismus und Grad der Karbonatisierung von Kalkhydrat im Mörtel

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

RILEM TC 277-LHS report: a review on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of lime-based binding systems

RILEM TC 277-LHS report: a review on the mechanisms of setting and hardening of lime-based binding systems

Photocatalytic Lime Render for Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality Improvement

Natural and enhanced carbonation of lime in its different applications: a review

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