Lithium and cognitive enhancement: leave it or take it?

Tsaltas, Eleftheria; Kontis, Dimitrios; Boulougouris, Vasileios; Papadimitriou, George N.

doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1311-8

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Pursuing treatment with lithium seems to be associated with a decrease in the risk of developing dementia 19 . Current neuroanatomical and neurobiological data show favourable neuroprotective properties of lithium, in particular on hippocampus cells 20 . A recent meta‐analysis showed that lithium treatment appears to have limited and minor negative effects on cognition 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar disorder and dementia: where is the link?

et al. 2011

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Cognitive disorders appearing in the course of bipolar disease have been identified, and recent studies have defined the neuropsychological characteristics of this pathology, which includes attention, executive function, memory and language disorders. However, questions remain concerning the appearance of dementia symptoms over the course of bipolar disorder in certain patients: is it a chance association or is there a connection between bipolar disorders and dementia? If the latter hypothesis is considered, what is the nature of the dementia, which might be considered as a dementia specific to bipolar disorder? Current clinical, neuropsychological and cerebral imaging data are inconclusive, but similarities with frontotemporal dementia might be highlighted. Functional imaging studies might provide answers as well as more specific tests in neuropsychology. The cause of cognitive damage in bipolar disease also raises questions concerning a neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative process, because several factors seem to influence cognition and these two processes might occur simultaneously. Long-term studies are necessary to determine whether cognitive deterioration in bipolar disease is stable or progressive. There might also be different neurobiological subgroups of patients with bipolar disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar disorder and dementia: where is the link?

et al. 2011

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“…Lithium is rarely prescribed for the first time after the age of 70 because of its narrow therapeutic index and greater risk of neurotoxicity and other side effects with age [48, 95]. However, neuroprotective effects of mood stabilizers, as opposed to chronic stress in neurons, are also described [96]. As they can also have a role in reducing the number of recurrences, these are indirect ways of preventing dementia [49].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Perspectives and Implications with Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia

Lopes

Fernandes²

2012

Depression Research and Treatment

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Introduction. Cognitive dysfunction as a core feature in the course of bipolar affective disorder (BPD) is a current subject of debate and represents an important source of psychosocial and functional burden. Objectives. To stand out the connection and clinical implications between cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and BPD. Methods. A nonsystematic review of all English language PubMed articles published between 1995 and 2011 using the terms “bipolar disorder,” “cognitive dysfunction,” and “dementia”. Discussion. As a manifestation of an affective trait or stage, both in the acute phases and in remission, the domains affected include attention, executive function, and verbal memory. The likely evolution or overlap with the behavioural symptoms of an organic dementia allows it to be considered as a dementia specific to BPD. This is named by some authors, as BPD type VI, but others consider it a form of frontotemporal dementia. It is still not known if this process is neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative in nature, or both simultaneously. The assessment should consider the iatrogenic effects of medication, the affective symptoms, and a neurocognitive evaluation. Conclusion. More specific neuropsychological tests and functional imaging studies are needed and will assume an important role in the near future for diagnosis and treatment.

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“…LiCl (200 mg ⁄ kg, i.p., Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and given 1 h before any intervention once daily from the onset of the learning and memory test to day 7. 17 Control animals received 0.9% saline at the same injection volume (i.p. ).…”

Section: Licl Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of lithium treatment for spatial memory deficits induced by tau hyperphosphorylation in splenectomized rats

Tan

Cao

Wang

et al. 2010

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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SUMMARY1. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction has become more prevalent in recent years. We used a splenectomized rat model with postoperative spatial learning and memory deficits to investigate the role of tau hyperphosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3b (GSK-3b) within the hippocampus.2. Cognitive function was assessed in a Y-maze 1 day before and 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. We measured site-specific phosphorylation of hippocampal tau (Thr-205 and Ser-396), GSK-3b activity and expression of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) mRNA and protein as markers of inflammation. We also tested the effects of treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3b inhibitor.3. Splenectomy was associated with learning and memory impairment 3 days later, as well as a rapid and massive hyperphosphorylation of hippocampal tau at Thr-205 and Ser-396, activated GSK-3b, and increased IL-1b and TNF-a expression. LiCl completely restored tau hyperphosphorylation to control levels.4. These data from the splenectomized rat model suggest that inflammatory factors affect tau pathology through the GSK-3b signalling pathway and that LiCl is a promising treatment for postoperative cognitive deficits.

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Lithium and cognitive enhancement: leave it or take it?

Abstract: It is suggested on the basis of the evidence that the cognitive effects of lithium are best expressed and should, therefore, be sought under conditions of functional or biological challenge to the nervous system.

Cited by 43 publications

References 141 publications

Bipolar disorder and dementia: where is the link?

Bipolar disorder and dementia: where is the link?

Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Perspectives and Implications with Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia

Protective effects of lithium treatment for spatial memory deficits induced by tau hyperphosphorylation in splenectomized rats

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