Lithium anode stable in air for low-cost fabrication of a dendrite-free lithium battery

Shen, Xiaowei; Li, Yutao; Qian, Tao; Liu, Jie; Zhou, Jinqiu; Yan, Chenglin; Goodenough, John B.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08767-0

Cited by 346 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The SEI formed on the ALA/Li anode in the presence of the AlCl 3 /[EMIm]Cl additive showed uniform small particulates on the surface and had a modulus of 776 MPa (Figure d), indicating a much higher mechanical strength than that in PLi anode. The clear hysteresis between the loading and unloading curves demonstrates its good flexibility and stiffness . The unique flexibility and high strength of the protective SEI layer of the ALA/Li anode ensure that it has good tolerance to the dendrite growth and any volume change induced by the interfacial fluctuations during repeated Li stripping/plating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing a High‐Strength Solid Electrolyte Layer by In Vivo Alloying with Aluminum for an Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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The serious safety issues caused by uncontrollable lithium (Li) dendrite growth, especially at high current densities, seriously hamper the rapid charging of Li metal‐based batteries. Here, the construction of Al–Li alloy/LiCl‐based Li anode (ALA/Li anode) is reported by displacement and alloying reaction between an AlCl3‐ionic liquid and a Li foil. This layer not only has high ion‐conductivity and good electron resistivity but also much improved mechanical strength (776 MPa) as well as good flexibility compared to a common solid electrolyte interphase layer (585 MPa). The high mechanical strength of the Al–Li alloy interlayer effectively eliminates volume expansion and dendrite growth in Li metal batteries, so that the ALA/Li anode achieves superior cycling for 1600 h (2.0 mA cm−2) and 1000 cycles at an ultrahigh current density (20 mA cm−2) without dendrite formation in symmetric batteries. In lithium–sulfur batteries, the dense alloy layer prevents direct contact between polysulfides and Li metal, inhibiting the shuttle effect and electrolyte decomposition. Long cycling performance is achieved even at a high current density (4 C) and a low electrolyte/sulfur (6.0 µL mg−1). This easy fabrication process provides a strategy to realize reliable safety during the rapid charging of Li‐metal batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing a High‐Strength Solid Electrolyte Layer by In Vivo Alloying with Aluminum for an Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Fluorinated graphite (or graphite fluoride [GF], CF x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.1), a well‐known cathode material in lithium primary batteries (950 mAh g −1 for x = 1.1),22 can irreversibly form LiF on graphite surface after the lithiation. The conformal‐coated LiF by incorporating GF with molten Li can even make Li metal anode to be an air‐stable 23. In this work, we fluorinated the surface of commercial mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with an optimized F content (MCMB‐F) by controlling fluorinating temperature and time, in which the outermost layer of MCMB graphite is highly fluorinated, while its interior part still maintains the graphite structure unchanged.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Reversible, Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode Enabled by a Lithium‐Fluoride‐Enriched Interphase

et al. 2020

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Metallic lithium is the most competitive anode material for next‐generation lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. However, one of its major issues is Li dendrite growth and detachment, which not only causes safety issues, but also continuously consumes electrolyte and Li, leading to low coulombic efficiency (CE) and short cycle life for Li metal batteries. Herein, the Li dendrite growth of metallic lithium anode is suppressed by forming a lithium fluoride (LiF)‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) through the lithiation of surface‐fluorinated mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB‐F) anodes. The robust LiF‐enriched SEI with high interfacial energy to Li metal effectively promotes planar growth of Li metal on the Li surface and meanwhile prevents its vertical penetration into the LiF‐enriched SEI from forming Li dendrites. At a discharge capacity of 1.2 mAh cm−2, a high CE of >99.2% for Li plating/stripping in FEC‐based electrolyte is achieved within 25 cycles. Coupling the pre‐lithiated MCMB‐F (Li@MCMB‐F) anode with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode at the positive/negative (P/N) capacity ratio of 1:1, the LiFePO4//Li@MCMB‐F cells can be charged/discharged at a high areal capacity of 2.4 mAh cm−2 for 110 times at a negligible capacity decay of 0.01% per cycle.

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“…China) under a current density of 0.5 mA cm −2 . A symmetrical cuvette‐type optical battery was assembled to in situ observe the surface change of Li–B–Mg composite and pure Li under 3 mA cm −2 by a metallurgical microscope (Caikon Optical Instrument DMM‐330C, with 8.9 mm extra‐long working distance 10× objectives). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, Princeton PARSTAT 4000, AMETEK Co. Ltd) was tested in the frequency range of 10 5 –0.01 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg Doped Li–LiB Alloy with In Situ Formed Lithiophilic LiB Skeleton for Lithium Metal Batteries

Huang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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130

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High energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and huge volume change limit their practical applications. Here, a new Mg doped Li–LiB alloy with in situ formed lithiophilic 3D LiB skeleton (hereinafter called Li–B–Mg composite) is presented to suppress Li dendrite and mitigate volume change. The LiB skeleton exhibits superior lithiophilic and conductive characteristics, which contributes to the reduction of the local current density and homogenization of incoming Li+ flux. With the introduction of Mg, the composite achieves an ultralong lithium deposition/dissolution lifespan (500 h, at 0.5 mA cm−2) without short circuit in the symmetrical battery. In addition, the electrochemical performance is superior in full batteries assembled with LiCoO2 cathode and the manufactured composite. The currently proposed 3D Li–B–Mg composite anode may significantly propel the advancement of LMB technology from laboratory research to industrial commercialization.

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Lithium anode stable in air for low-cost fabrication of a dendrite-free lithium battery

Cited by 346 publications

References 37 publications

Constructing a High‐Strength Solid Electrolyte Layer by In Vivo Alloying with Aluminum for an Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

Constructing a High‐Strength Solid Electrolyte Layer by In Vivo Alloying with Aluminum for an Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

A Highly Reversible, Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode Enabled by a Lithium‐Fluoride‐Enriched Interphase

Mg Doped Li–LiB Alloy with In Situ Formed Lithiophilic LiB Skeleton for Lithium Metal Batteries

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