Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation

Zhao, Chunlong; Zhang, Yanling; Cao, Hongbin; Zheng, Xiaohong; Gerven, Tom Van; Hu, Yingyan; Sun, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.025

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is observed that they do not show a linear behaviour, i. e., the recovery percentage of lithium is not proportional to the evaporated H 2 O. Furthermore, it was found that the best theoretical predictions of the Zhao et al [18] model (dotted line) were reached at pH carbonation 12. As mentioned above, the differences between the experimental and theoretical results may be due to the impurity content of the aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Effect Of Ph On the LI 2 Co 3 Saturation-evaporation Stagementioning

confidence: 95%

“…As mentioned above, the differences between the experimental and theoretical results may be due to the impurity content of the aqueous solutions. To obtain the theoretical percentage of recovery of lithium, we used the equations proposed by Zhao et al [18] where, Li TR is the theoretical recovery of lithium (%), m is the mass of Li 2 CO 3 precipitated, md is the solubility of Li 2 CO 3 as a function of temperature (g/L), C Li is the Li concentration (g/L), V is the aqueous solution volume (L), and the values of 6.94 and 73.89 are the atomic mass of Li (g/mol) and the molecular mass of Li 2 CO 3 (g/mol), respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Ph On the LI 2 Co 3 Saturation-evaporation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One additional justification to complete this study of sulfated aqueous solutions is the opportunity to estimate kinetic parameters of the carbonation and reactions and establish how the carbonation optimization affects the product quality. Reviewing the literature on the precipitation of lithium carbonate, four precipitation methods are observed, namely: a) carbonation with CO 2 until the saturation point with a subsequent increase in temperature to precipitate the carbonates, [1,6,13,16,17] b) carbonation with CO 2 and precipitation by evaporation of the diluent water, [4,7] c) carbonation with Na 2 CO 3 and precipitation of carbonates by increasing the temperature, [5,9,15,18] and d) carbonation with Na 2 CO 3 and precipitation by evaporating the diluent water. [19,20] Although many studies have reported results of Li 2 CO 3 precipitation, none of them have described in detail the effect of pH and temperature of the carbonation stage on the efficiency of Li 2 CO 3 precipitation by evaporating the diluent water, as studied in this work.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li₂CO₃ Production with Sulphated Liquors

et al. 2021

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This work addresses the carbonation of an aqueous solution that simulates leach liquor with sulphuric acid, a chemical system that is seldom studied, and the subsequent precipitation of Li 2 CO 3 via evaporation of the diluent water. New details were revealed on the automatic control of pH and temperature to optimizes the carbonation operation conditions and the quality of the products. Among the relevant findings are: a) the carbonation stage was optimized at pH 12 and 35°C because, under these conditions, the redox potential (100-200 mV) promotes the carbonates stability, b) the carbonation reaction in sulphated solutions has zero order and its activation energy is 6.81 kJ/mol, suggesting that the reaction is controlled by diffusion, and c) At pH 8 and 20°C the maximum purity (99.9 % Li 2 CO 3 ) was precipitated. Additionally, other carbonate based secondary phases were precipitated together with Li 2 CO 3 . The chemical stability of these secondary phases is pH dependent and are discussed in detail.[a

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Section: Effect Of Ph On the LI 2 Co 3 Saturation-evaporation Stagementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Effect Of Ph On the LI 2 Co 3 Saturation-evaporation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li₂CO₃ Production with Sulphated Liquors

et al. 2021

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“…1 in Ref. [1]) at 60 °C and the ultrasonic probe was immersed into the FI. The stoichiometric solid sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) was added to the FI at one time and the ultrasonic instrument was also opened simultaneously.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data shown in this article are related to the research article entitled “Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation” [1]. The initial content of the leachate of cathode scrap before removing impurity ions is presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dataset of lithium phosphate recovery from a low concentrated lithium-containing solution

et al. 2019

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The lithium-containing solution is also rich in lithium after preparation of lithium carbonate. With the depletion of primary lithium resource, it is necessary to recovery lithium from a low concentrated lithium-containing solution which can solve the shortage of lithium resources and avoid the waste of lithium. In this article, the lithium phosphate is recovered from lithium-containing solution with a concentration of 2 g/L after preparation of lithium carbonate. The results show that by the application of ultrasound, the lithium recovery rate can be increased. The concentration of lithium is less than 0.3 g/L after preparation of lithium phosphate. For lithium carbonate recovery by ultrasound, please refer to the full length article entitled “Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation”, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.025 (Chunlong Zhao et al., 2019) [1].

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Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Neumann

Petraniková

Meeus

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

437

186

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Being successfully introduced into the market only 30 years ago, lithium‐ion batteries have become state‐of‐the‐art power sources for portable electronic devices and the most promising candidate for energy storage in stationary or electric vehicle applications. This widespread use in a multitude of industrial and private applications leads to the need for recycling and reutilization of their constituent components. Improving the “recycling technology” of lithium ion batteries is a continuous effort and recycling is far from maturity today. The complexity of lithium ion batteries with varying active and inactive material chemistries interferes with the desire to establish one robust recycling procedure for all kinds of lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the current state of the art needs to be analyzed, improved, and adapted for the coming cell chemistries and components. This paper provides an overview of regulations and new battery directive demands. It covers current practices in material collection, sorting, transportation, handling, and recycling. Future generations of batteries will further increase the diversity of cell chemistry and components. Therefore, this paper presents predictions related to the challenges of future battery recycling with regard to battery materials and chemical composition, and discusses future approaches to battery recycling.

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Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation

Cited by 62 publications

References 47 publications

Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li₂CO₃ Production with Sulphated Liquors

Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li₂CO₃ Production with Sulphated Liquors

Dataset of lithium phosphate recovery from a low concentrated lithium-containing solution

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

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Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation

Cited by 62 publications

References 47 publications

Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li2CO3 Production with Sulphated Liquors

Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li2CO3 Production with Sulphated Liquors

Dataset of lithium phosphate recovery from a low concentrated lithium-containing solution

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

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Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li₂CO₃ Production with Sulphated Liquors

Advantages of pH and Temperature Control in the Carbonation Stage for Li₂CO₃ Production with Sulphated Liquors