Lithium Chloride Promotes Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via HIF-1α and β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Zong, Jinxin; Shen, Jinglin; Liu, Xinlu; Liu, Jiayi; Zhang, Jing; Zhou, Changhai; Fan, Yating; Jin, Yongcheng

doi:10.1007/s12011-022-03131-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway is a critical center for many pathways affecting upstream factors of milk protein and lipid synthesis-related genes [36]. As reported in our previous study, the addition of β-sitosterol to MAC-T cells had a positive effect on the signaling pathway involved in milk protein and fat synthesis [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

β-Sitosterol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Lipogenesis Disorder in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Fan,

Shen,

Liu

et al. 2023

IJMS

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β-sitosterol, a natural plant steroid, has been shown to promote anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the body. In this study, β-sitosterol was used to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells, which are commonly studied as a cell model of mammary inflammatory response and lipogenesis. Results showed that treatment with a combination of LPS and β-sitosterol significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, while increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis and improve lipid synthesis-related gene expression. Our finding suggests that β-sitosterol has the potential to alleviate inflammation in the mammary gland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

β-Sitosterol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Lipogenesis Disorder in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Fan,

Shen,

Liu

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…In recent studies, it has been found that lithium chloride supplementation significantly promotes milk fat synthesis in cows by regulating the activity of PPARγ, a transcription factor involved in lipid metabolism. Specifically, Zong et al (2023) demonstrated that lithium chloride inhibits the expression of SOCS2 and SOCS3 proteins through JAK2/STAT5, mTOR, and SREBP1 signaling pathways in mammary epithelial cells, leading to increased PPARγ activity and enhanced fatty acid synthesis. These findings suggest that lithium chloride could be a potential supplement for improving milk fat production in dairy cows.…”

Section: Genetic Regulation Of Mtor Signaling Pathway For Milk Fat An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics, environmental stress, and amino acid supplementation affect lactational performance via mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Li,

Khan,

Khan

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Mammary glands are known for their ability to convert nutrients present in the blood into milk contents. In cows, milk synthesis and the proliferation of cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs) are regulated by various factors, including nutrients such as amino acids and glucose, hormones, and environmental stress. Amino acids, in particular, play a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and casein synthesis in mammalian epithelial cells, apart from being building blocks for protein synthesis. Studies have shown that environmental factors, particularly heat stress, can negatively impact milk production performance in dairy cattle. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is considered the primary signaling pathway involved in regulating cell proliferation and milk protein and fat synthesis in cow mammary epithelial cells in response to amino acids and heat stress. Given the significant role played by the mTORC signaling pathway in milk synthesis and cell proliferation, this article briefly discusses the main regulatory genes, the impact of amino acids and heat stress on milk production performance, and the regulation of mTORC signaling pathway in cow mammary epithelial cells.

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“…SOCS3 negatively regulates Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling pathway to inhibit milk synthesis and cell proliferation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) ( 4 ). JAK2/STAT5, the mammalian target of rapamycin, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) signaling pathways regulate milk fat synthesis by inhibiting SOCS3 expression in BMEC lines ( 5 ). In particular, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids inhibit SOCS3 mRNA expression and downregulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-6 levels in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying differentially expressed genes in goat mammary epithelial cells induced by overexpression of SOCS3 gene using RNA sequencing

Song,

Ma,

Guo

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a key signaling molecule that regulates milk synthesis in dairy livestock. However, the molecular mechanism by which SOCS3 regulates lipid synthesis in goat milk remains unclear. This study aimed to screen for key downstream genes associated with lipid synthesis regulated by SOCS3 in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Goat SOCS3 overexpression vector (PC-SOCS3) and negative control (PCDNA3.1) were transfected into GMECs. Total RNA from cells after SOCS3 overexpression was used for RNA-seq, followed by differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and network prediction. SOCS3 overexpression significantly inhibited the synthesis of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, and accumulated lipid droplets. In total, 430 DEGs were identified, including 226 downregulated and 204 upregulated genes, following SOCS3 overexpression. Functional annotation revealed that the DEGs were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We found that the lipid synthesis-related genes, STAT2 and FOXO6, were downregulated. In addition, the proliferation-related genes BCL2, MMP11, and MMP13 were upregulated, and the apoptosis-related gene CD40 was downregulated. In conclusion, six DEGs were identified as key regulators of milk lipid synthesis following SOCS3 overexpression in GMECs. Our results provide new candidate genes and insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in milk lipid synthesis regulated by SOCS3 in goats.

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Lithium Chloride Promotes Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via HIF-1α and β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

β-Sitosterol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Lipogenesis Disorder in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

β-Sitosterol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Lipogenesis Disorder in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Genetics, environmental stress, and amino acid supplementation affect lactational performance via mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Identifying differentially expressed genes in goat mammary epithelial cells induced by overexpression of SOCS3 gene using RNA sequencing

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