“…Especially, semiconducting metal oxides of SnO 2 , ZnO 2 , In 2 O 3 , and Sb 2 O 3 are more attractive, and in situ properties of physicochemical characteristics have been studied for various potential functions. − In addition, tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) has received intensive attention due to its adjustable broad energy band gap that is favored for making indirect n-type semiconductors (2.4–3.6 eV), due to unique characteristic materials, high purity of the crystalline fabrication, less toxic nature, and extraordinary catalytic properties. , As it is a preferred choice for electrocatalysts in a broad range of applications, including gas sensors, photocatalytic electrochemical splitting, electrochromic devices, dye-sensitized solar cells, energy storage devices, fuel cells, and electrochemical sensing applications. Among them, the functional materials of WO 3 have been reported in various nanostructure formations, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanocrystals, and nanoplates . Recently, WO 3 has been employed in effective sensing materials in electrochemical approaches, such as Ilager et al fabricated WO 3 .…”