Lithium extraction from salt lake brines with high magnesium/lithium ratio: a review

Zhu, Rong; Wang, Shixin; Srinivasakannan, C.; Li, Shiwei; Yin, Shaohua; Zhang, Libo; Jiang, Xiaobin; Zhou, Guoli; Zhang, Ning

doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01571-9

Cited by 84 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The continued development of new energy vehicles is increasing the demand for lithium around the world, the most abundant source of lithium is continental brines and the cost of producing lithium from brines is typically 30%-50% lower than that of hard rock sources. [20,43] In China, the vast majority of lithium resources come from salt lakes, which are mainly located in Qinghai and Tibet. Table 1 shows the main salt lakes in China.…”

Section: Mineralization Of Salt Lake Brines and Sea Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials

Li,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Carbon Neutralization

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The increasing utilization of fossil fuels and industrial activities has resulted in a surge of CO2 emissions, which have significantly impacted global climate change. Carbon capture and utilization technologies offer a promising solution to decrease atmospheric CO2 concentrations and convert CO2 into valuable products. This study focuses on the capture and storage of CO2 through the mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials. The analysis encompasses the mineralization process of solid and liquid minerals, the various mineralization processes of magnesium‐containing minerals categorized as direct and indirect mineralization, and the latest research advancements in magnesium‐containing minerals. Brine and seawater from salt lakes are considered the most appropriate materials for mineralization due to their abundance and the simplicity of the process compared to solid mineralization. This paper analyzes the impact of temperature, impurity ions, additives, and microorganisms on the process of magnesium carbonate synthesis crystallization. The use of magnesium‐containing materials for carbon dioxide sequestration can effectively reduce carbon emission. The review offers guidance on carbon dioxide mineralization and explores the potential applications of magnesium mineralization.

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Section: Mineralization Of Salt Lake Brines and Sea Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials

Li,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Carbon Neutralization

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“…Future Li demands remain on an upward trend; however, few high-efficiency Li + detection technologies with high selectivity, sensitivity, and stability are provided. The detection of Li + is limited by its low concentration in nature and the interference of coexisting high-concentration alkali and alkaline earth metal ions (e.g., Na + and Sr 2+ ). − Several Li + detection technologies have been developed. Conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is high-precision but requires complicated operation and an ultraclean environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaea-Inspired Switchable Nanochannels for On-Demand Lithium Detection by pH Activation

Liu,

Qian,

et al. 2024

ACS Cent. Sci.

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With the rapid development of the lithium ion battery industry, emerging lithium (Li) enrichment in nature has attracted ever-growing attention due to the biotoxicity of high Li levels. To date, fast lithium ion (Li + ) detection remains urgent but is limited by the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of conventional technologies based on passive response processes. In nature, archaeal plasma membrane ion exchangers (NCLX_Mj) exhibit Li + -gated multi/monovalent ion transport behavior, activated by different stimuli. Inspired by NCLX_Mj, we design a pHcontrolled biomimetic Li + -responsive solid-state nanochannel system for on-demand Li + detection using 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HPBO) units as Li + recognition groups. Pristine HPBO is not reactive to Li + , whereas negatively charged HPBO enables specific Li + coordination under alkaline conditions to decrease the ion exchange capacity of nanochannels. On-demand Li + detection is achieved by monitoring the decline in currents, thereby ensuring precise and stable Li + recognition (>0.1 mM) in the toxic range of Li + concentration (>1.5 mM) for human beings. This work provides a new approach to constructing Li + detection nanodevices and has potential for applications of Li-related industries and medical services.

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“…The solvent extraction method has the advantages of a simple operation, high selectivity, and low energy consumption, and is the most promising and potential method for the separation and extraction of metal ions from an aqueous solution [17][18][19][20][21]. The research on extractants used in solvent extraction for lithium has mainly focused on organophosphorus [22][23][24][25][26], crown ethers [27], β-diketones [17,28,29], ionic liquids [30][31][32][33], and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) [34][35][36][37]. The most-studied organophosphorus system is the TBP-FeCl 3 extraction system, which shows good extraction effects for lithium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most-studied organophosphorus system is the TBP-FeCl 3 extraction system, which shows good extraction effects for lithium. However, during the extraction process, the aqueous phase must remain acidic to prevent the hydrolysis of iron ions [26]. Thus, this system cannot be applied to neutral or alkaline solutions such as lithium mother liquor or spent LIB recycling effluent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries Effluent by Solvent Extraction Using 2-Ethylhexyl Hydrogen {[Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Amino]methyl} Phosphonate Acid

Wang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Metals

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In order to overcome the interface emulsification problem of TBP-FeCl3 systems and the instability of β-diketone systems in high-concentration alkaline medium, it is necessary to design and synthesize some new extractants. By introducing amino groups into a phosphorus extractant, a new 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen {[bis(2-ethylhexyl)amino]methyl} phosphonate acid (HA) extractant was synthesized. In this study, an efficient method of recovering lithium from the effluent of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is proposed. Experiments were conducted to assess the influential factors in lithium recovery, including the solution pH, saponification degree, extractant concentration, and phase ratio. Over 95% of lithium in the effluent was extracted into the organic phase, and nearly all lithium in the organic phase could be stripped into the aqueous phase using a 3 mol/L HCl solution. There was no significant decrease in extraction capacity after 10 cycles. The experimental results indicated that the extraction mechanism was a cation exchange process, and the extractive complex was proposed as LiA. Importantly, after three months of stable operation, the process demonstrated excellent stability and extraction efficiency, with rapid phase separation and a clear interface. This study offers an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for lithium extraction from the effluent of spent LIBs.

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Lithium extraction from salt lake brines with high magnesium/lithium ratio: a review

Cited by 84 publications

References 111 publications

Review of carbon dioxide mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials

Review of carbon dioxide mineralization of magnesium‐containing materials

Archaea-Inspired Switchable Nanochannels for On-Demand Lithium Detection by pH Activation

Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries Effluent by Solvent Extraction Using 2-Ethylhexyl Hydrogen {[Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Amino]methyl} Phosphonate Acid

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