Lithium increases melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA stability and inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in PC12 cells

Presse, Françoise; Cardona, Bruno; Borsu, Laetitia; Nahon, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00273-8

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Cell Culture-PC12 cells were grown in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium or RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, 5% fetal calf serum, and 50 g/ml gentamicin as described elsewhere (16). The cells were maintained in a humidified atmosphere at 37°C and 5% CO 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific activity of the probes was 0.5-2 ϫ 10 9 dpm/g. Oligonucleotide primers were labeled using [␣-32 P]dCTP and terminal transferase as described previously (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, we identified MCH RNA species of high molecular weight (1.4, 3.5, and 4.0 kb in length) in unstimulated PC12 cells; those transcripts transiently disappearing after a short term treatment with NGF and lithium. Because the increase in MCH mRNA content was not apparently associated with transcriptional activation, we hypothesized that some of the large MCH gene-related transcripts could be involved in the regulation of the processing or degradation of the MCH mRNA (16,17).In the present study, we described the isolation and characterization of the high molecular weight MCH RNAs in PC12 cells and in rat tissues. Interestingly, they are derived from a new gene located on the opposite DNA strand to the MCH gene, with extensive overlap existing between the 3Ј end of this gene and the MCH transcriptional unit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…7). However, we established recently that production of mature MCH mRNA (0.95 kb in length) can be induced in PC12 cells following treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) and lithium (16,17). Interestingly, we identified MCH RNA species of high molecular weight (1.4, 3.5, and 4.0 kb in length) in unstimulated PC12 cells; those transcripts transiently disappearing after a short term treatment with NGF and lithium.…”

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confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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The AROM Gene, Spliced mRNAs Encoding New DNA/RNA-binding Proteins Are Transcribed from the Opposite Strand of the Melanin-concentrating Hormone Gene in Mammals

Borsu¹,

Presse

Nahon

2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)1 is a cyclic peptide, first isolated from salmon pituitary glands on the basis of its skin paling property (1), then purified from rat hypothalami, and sequenced (2). Synthesis of MCH was localized almost exclusively in a large population of neurons present in the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamus area of the mammalian brain (3-5). The MCH axonal network projected widely throughout the brain and posterior pituitary but innervated poorly the external part of the median eminence in resting animals (5). This particular cellular and axonal distribution argued in favor of a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator role for MCH in a large spectrum of functions in the central nervous system (reviewed in Refs. 6 and 7). Recently, several laboratories have demonstrated changes in different behaviors following intracerebroventricular injection of MCH in the rat brain. In particular, MCH plays a particularly important role in the regulation of feeding behavior and associated pathologies such as obesity (8 -11). Given the important biological functions of MCH, it is of great interest to define the mechanisms that regulate the expression of its cognate gene. A single MCH-encoding gene has been identified in both rat and mouse (12, 13), and two distinct MCH gene systems have been found in primates (14, 15). The regulation of MCH gene expression has been most extensively investigated with in vivo models (reviewed in Ref. 7). However, we established recently that production of mature MCH mRNA (0.95 kb in length) can be induced in PC12 cells following treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) and lithium (16,17). Interestingly, we identified MCH RNA species of high molecular weight (1.4, 3.5, and 4.0 kb in length) in unstimulated PC12 cells; those transcripts transiently disappearing after a short term treatment with NGF and lithium. Because the increase in MCH mRNA content was not apparently associated with transcriptional activation, we hypothesized that some of the large MCH gene-related transcripts could be involved in the regulation of the processing or degradation of the MCH mRNA (16,17).In the present study, we described the isolation and characterization of the high molecular weight MCH RNAs in PC12 cells and in rat tissues. Interestingly, they are derived from a new gene located on the opposite DNA strand to the MCH gene, with extensive overlap existing between the 3Ј end of this gene and the MCH transcriptional unit. Some of the antisense MCH RNAs display alternative splicing and encode new DNA/RNAbinding proteins, whereas other putative transcripts lack extensive open reading frames suggesting different functions for the two classes of antisense MCH RNAs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific activity of the probes was 0.5-2 ϫ 10 9 dpm/g. Oligonucleotide primers were labeled using [␣-32 P]dCTP and terminal transferase as described previously (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The AROM Gene, Spliced mRNAs Encoding New DNA/RNA-binding Proteins Are Transcribed from the Opposite Strand of the Melanin-concentrating Hormone Gene in Mammals

Borsu¹,

Presse

Nahon

2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Birth of ‘human-specific’ genes during primate evolution

Nahon¹

2003

Contemporary Issues in Genetics and Evolution

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Survival of rat MCH (melanin-concentrating hormone) neurons in hypothalamus slice culture: histological, pharmacological and molecular studies

Bayer

Jacquemard

Fellmann

et al. 1999

Cell and Tissue Research

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Hypothalamic slices containing the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) were prepared from 6- to 8-day-old rats and maintained in stationary culture for up to 35 days in order to analyse how well the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons survived. As previously reported for other brain areas, this method yielded a long-term well-preserved organotypic organization. Light- and electron-microscopic investigations showed that differentiation continued and that synaptic contacts developed in vitro. After a period of elimination of damaged cells and fibres, most of the remaining neurons and glial cells retained a normal morphology throughout the culture period. MCH neurons, in particular, survived well as attested by the strong immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization signals still observed after several weeks. In a comparison with the day of explantation, competitive reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the remarkable stability of the level of MCH mRNA at least until the 20th day in culture; after 30 days, the clear decrease in this level seemed to be correlated with a loss of MCH neurons, rather than with a decrease in MCH expression. After 10 days of culture, the incubation of slices in the presence of the hormone leptin (50 ng/ml) resulted in a strong decrease of MCH gene expression, suggesting that MCH neurons retained their physiological properties. Thus, the LHA slice stationary culture, especially between one and three weeks (i.e. after tissue stabilization and before extensive cell loss), appears to be a suitable method for physiological and pharmacological studies of these neurons.

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Lithium increases melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA stability and inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in PC12 cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

The AROM Gene, Spliced mRNAs Encoding New DNA/RNA-binding Proteins Are Transcribed from the Opposite Strand of the Melanin-concentrating Hormone Gene in Mammals

The AROM Gene, Spliced mRNAs Encoding New DNA/RNA-binding Proteins Are Transcribed from the Opposite Strand of the Melanin-concentrating Hormone Gene in Mammals

Birth of ‘human-specific’ genes during primate evolution

Survival of rat MCH (melanin-concentrating hormone) neurons in hypothalamus slice culture: histological, pharmacological and molecular studies

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