Lithium-induced context aversion in rats as a model of anticipatory nausea in humans

Rodríguez, Ma Paloma González; López, Matı́as; Symonds, Michelle; Hall, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00376-0

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results of the current study provide additional evidence that conditioned gaping elicited by a LiCl-paired context is mediated by conditioned nausea that, in turn, can produce secondary conditioning to a distinct flavor with which it is paired. Rodriguez et al (2000) similarly argued that a LiCl-paired context elicits conditioned nausea based on their finding that rats consumed less of a palatable solution when in the presence of LiCl-paired contextual cues as opposed to a neutral environment. Interestingly, this effect, like contextually elicited conditioned gaping Rock et al, 2014), is not ameliorated by pre-treatment with the classic anti-emetic, ondansetron , as is also evident in human chemotherapy patients that experience anticipatory nausea when returning to the treatment context (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, Rodriguez, Lopez, Symonds and Hall (2000) found that when rats were re-exposed to a context previously paired with LiCl, they displayed suppressed consumption of a sucrose solution, suggesting that this reduced consumption is the result of conditioned nausea elicited by the illness-paired context. Indeed, it was subsequently found that while in a LiClpaired context, rats displayed gaping reactions both during an infusion of a novel sucrose solution (1 min infusion every 5 min during a 30 min test) and during inter-infusion intervals (Limebeer et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Second-order conditioning of LiCl-induced gaping with flavor and contextual cues

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conditioned gaping occurs through a classically conditioned association between a flavor or a context (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) that produces nausea, such as lithium chloride (LiCl; US). Rats display conditioned gaping to a flavor or context previously associated with nausea; thus, our aim was to investigate whether rats acquire second-order conditioning to a flavor experienced in a nausea-paired context. In Experiment 1, rats were assigned to one of three groups, based upon the contingency of the first order pairing (CS1 context and LiCl) and the contingency of the second-order pairing (CS2 saccharin CS1 context) including: Group Paired/Paired (P/P), Group Paired/Unpaired (P/U) and Group Unpaired/Paired (U/P). In the initial context conditioning, rats were injected with LiCl (Paired) or Saline (Unpaired) prior to a 30 min confinement in a distinctive context (CS1). Drug-free second-order conditioning training among Groups P/P and U/P then consisted of a 5 min intraoral infusion of 0.1 % saccharin (CS2) in the context (CS1), while Group P/U received saccharin in the home cage 24 hr prior to the CS1 exposure. Twenty four hr later, the rats were tested for second-order conditioning during a 2 min taste reactivity (TR) test. Saccharin (CS2) elicited gaping in Group P/P, but not Groups P/U or U/P. Experiment 2 revealed that second-order conditioning was produced in rats given 4 or 8 first-order conditioning trials, but not 2 trials. These results demonstrate that an excitatory contextual CS+ has the potential to confer second-order conditioning to a novel flavor in the absence of any direct pairing with LiCl.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-order conditioning of LiCl-induced gaping with flavor and contextual cues

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It could be due to a difference of salience or quality of the stimulus for the dams and the pups at the time of learning or to immaturity of olfactory and gustatory systems in the fetus. CAs appear relatively dependent on the context (Boakes, Westbrook, Elliott, & Swinbourne, 1997;Hinderliter & Misanin, 1993;Rodriguez, Lopez, Symonds, & Hall, 2000). Mothers experience conditioning and retention tests in the same context, but for the progeny there is a striking contextual difference between acquisition in utero and testing in cages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of long‐term memory for conditioned aversion in the rat fetus

Gruest

Richer

Hars

2004

Developmental Psychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pregnant rats were subjected to garlic essential oil as the conditioned stimulus and 45 min later to LiCl as the unconditioned stimulus either on embryonic Days 15 and 16 (E15 and E16) or on 18 and 19 (E18 and E19). Control dams received only garlic, LiCl, or water. Progenies were tested on garlic drinking 6 weeks after the exposure to the stimuli via the mothers. In the E18 to 19 group, rats that were exposed to paired garlic-LiCl expressed a significant aversion for garlic. In the E15 to 16 group, no significant differences appeared between subgroups. These results confirm that an associative memory can be established before birth and suggests that this ability potentially emerges in a short time window of 3 days at the end of gestation. Moreover, it appears that a long-term memory can be acquired in utero and retained to be expressed postnatally when animals are autonomous.

show abstract

“…The dr ug, or more precisely its centrally detectable effects, constitutes the US. Because the environmental context in which a drug is administered can act like a CS, the environmental stimuli that contingently signal the US may become CSs, so that some degree of illness will come to occur anticipatorily in the presence of these predictive cues [10][11][12] . Figure 1 describes this learning process for nausea-inducing interventions for the acquisition phase (pairing of CS and US) and the test phase (where the CS elicits the CR).…”

Section: Classical Conditioning and The Definition Of Us And Cs In Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of classical conditioning in learning gastrointestinal symptoms

Stockhorst

Enck²,

Klosterhalfen³

2007

WJG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nausea and/or vomiting are aversive gastrointestinal ( G I ) s y m p t o m s . N a u s e a a n d v o m i t i n g m a n i fe s t unconditionally after a nauseogenic experience. However, there is correlative, quasiexperimental and experimental evidence that nausea and vomiting can also be learned via classical (Pavlovian) conditioning and might occur in anticipation of the nauseogenic event. Classical conditioning of nausea can develop with chemotherapy in cancer patients. Initially, nausea and vomiting occur during and after the administration of cytotoxic drugs (post-treatment nausea and vomiting) as unconditioned responses (UR). In addition, 20%-30% of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy report these side effects, despite antiemetic medication, when being re-exposed to the stimuli that usually signal the chemotherapy session and its drug infusion. These symptoms are called anticipatory nausea (AN) and/or anticipatory vomiting (ANV) and are explained by classical conditioning. Moreover, there is recent evidence for the assumption that postchemotherapy nausea is at least partly influenced by learning. After summarizing the relevant assumptions of the conditioning model, revealing that a context can become a conditioned stimulus (CS), the present paper summarizes data that nausea and/or vomiting is acquired by classical conditioning and, consequently, may be alleviated by conditioning techniques. Our own research has focussed on two aspects and is emphasized here. First, a conditioned nausea model was established in healthy humans using body rotation as the nauseainducing treatment. The validity of this motion-sickness model to examine conditioning mechanisms in the acquisition and alleviation of conditioned nausea and associated endocrine and immunological responses is summarized. Results from the rotation-induced motion sickness model showed that gender is an important moderator variable to be considered in further studies. This paper concludes with a review of the application of the demonstrated conditioning principles as interventions to ameliorate distressing AN/ANV in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, which is the second focus of our work.

show abstract

Lithium-induced context aversion in rats as a model of anticipatory nausea in humans

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Second-order conditioning of LiCl-induced gaping with flavor and contextual cues

Second-order conditioning of LiCl-induced gaping with flavor and contextual cues

Emergence of long‐term memory for conditioned aversion in the rat fetus

Role of classical conditioning in learning gastrointestinal symptoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About