Lithium-Ion Battery Operation, Degradation, and Aging Mechanism in Electric Vehicles: An Overview

Abstract

Understanding the aging mechanism for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is crucial for optimizing the battery operation in real-life applications. This article gives a systematic description of the LiBs aging in real-life electric vehicle (EV) applications. First, the characteristics of the common EVs and the lithium-ion chemistries used in these applications are described. The battery operation in EVs is then classified into three modes: charging, standby, and driving, which are subsequently described. Finally, the aging behavior of LiBs in the actual charging, standby, and driving modes are reviewed, and the influence of different working conditions are considered. The degradation mechanisms of cathode, electrolyte, and anode during those processes are also discussed. Thus, a systematic analysis of the aging mechanisms of LiBs in real-life EV applications is achieved, providing practical guidance, methods to prolong the battery life for users, battery designers, vehicle manufacturers, and material recovery companies.

Exploiting Nanoscale Complexion in LATP Solid-State Electrolyte via Interfacial Mg2+ Doping

“…A direct simulation of such processes, which can take days, months and years of cycling in real time [ 59 , 60 , 61 ], exceeds the computationally accessible time scales by multiple orders of magnitude. We therefore adopt and adjust a recently introduced statistical sampling scheme by Türk et al [ 40 ] to assess possible (inter-)diffusion processes across interfaces in our simulations.…”

Recent Health Diagnosis Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Three peaks decrease in the process of aging, which reflects the loss of the active materials (LAM) and loss of lithium inventory (LLI) on the electrode. The DVA method is also commonly applied in the aging mechanism identification [6,42,43]. Ira et al found that lithium-capacity-consuming side reactions were mainly occurring at anodes [23].…”

“…They used a BaSyTec Cell System to realize the formation and the cycling of coin cells. The cycling method of the cells are constantcurrent-constant-voltage (CCCV) in discharge and constant-current (CC) in discharge The DVA method is also commonly applied in the aging mechanism identification [6,42,43]. Ira et al found that lithium-capacity-consuming side reactions were mainly occurring at anodes [23].…”

“…However, uncertainties related to cost, degradation and weak performance in extreme weather conditions slow down largescale adoption of Li-batteries. In particular, to meet the requirements in electrical vehicle (EV) applications, Li-ion batteries need to exhibit large capacity, stable thermal properties and a long lifetime [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Thus, detailed understanding of Li-ion batteries degradation behavior and mechanisms becomes a focal point of current battery research.…”

Unravelling and quantifying the aging processes of commercial Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2/graphite lithium-ion batteries under constant current cycling

“…Achieving the fast-charging goal without negatively impacting the lifetime and safety is a key challenge nowadays in Lithium-ion battery research 1,2 . Compared with the standard constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging protocol, the constant current (CC) charging mode without the CV segment not only significantly shortens the charging time but also effectively prolongs 20% of the battery service life [3][4][5] . Based on the CC charging protocol, a series of optimized charging protocols, such as pulse charging 6 and multistage constant current charging 7 , are designed to extend the battery life further or shorten charging time.…”