Lithium recovery from brine using a λ-MnO2/activated carbon hybrid supercapacitor system

Highly Selective and Pollution‐Free Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium by a Polyaniline/LixMn2O4 Cell

“…This rapid increase in energy consumption caused by the depletion of Li + ions is unlikely to occur for practical Li extraction from brine lakes, in which a sufficient amount of Li + can move from all around to eliminate the local depletion of Li + ions. At present, the energy consumption of the PANI/Li x Mn 2 O 4 system is lower than those of other electrochemical systems including Zn/LiMn 2 O 4 (6.3 W h mol −1 ), activated carbon/λ‐MnO 2 (4.2 W h mol −1 ), and nickel hexacyanoferrate/λ‐MnO 2 (5.4 W h mol −1 ) systems . Although the energy consumption of the Ag/λ‐MnO 2 system is lower (1 W h mol −1 ) than that in our work, the high cost of the Ag electrode limits its commercial application.…”

“…[12] In recent years, an umber of studies have been conductedo nt he selective extraction of Li + ions from aL i x FePO 4 electrode; [13][14][15][16][17] however,t he co-insertion of Na + and Mg 2 + ions into the FePO 4 lattice remains ap roblem for its practical application.V ery recently,s everal research groups reported highly efficient electrochemical recovery of Li + ions through the use of a l-MnO 2 positivee lectrode and ac hloride-capturing negative electrode (such as Ag and Zn). [18][19][20][21] Although these electrochemical cells can avoid the co-insertion of interfering Na + ,M g 2 + ,K + ,C a 2 + ,a nd other cations,t hey suffer from rapid capacity decay owing to the poor reversibility of the chloride-capturing negative electrodes upon use for the electrochemical uptake of chloride ions. In addition, these negative electrodes of preciousm etals are generally expensive, whichi s not conducive to large-scale application.…”

Liquid-liquid extraction of lithium using lipophilic dibenzo-14-crown-4 ether carboxylic acid in hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid

“…Inorganic spinel-type manganese oxide adsorbents are the most promising materials for Li + recovery from seawater (Chitrakar et al, 2000;Hong et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2015;Park et al, 2015;Yoshizuka et al, 2006). However, the associated processes involving these adsorbents are still at the very early stage of development.…”

Electrochemical Lithium Recovery with a LiMn2O4–Zinc Battery System using Zinc as a Negative Electrode

“…Several candidate materials for replacing the silver electrode such as activated carbon, I − /I 3 − redox couple, and nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) have been proposed . However, the capacity of activated carbon is fairly small compared with that of a silver electrode . An I − /I 3 − redox couple appears to be inadequate in an aqueous system because an organic solvent is required as an electrolyte .…”