The lumiol-O2 electrochemiluminescence (ECL)
system
constantly emits bright light at positive potential. Notably, compared
with the anodic ECL signal of the luminol-O2 system, the
great virtues of cathodic ECL are that it is simple and causes minor
damage to biological samples. Unfortunately, little emphasis has been
paid to cathodic ECL, owing to the low reaction efficacy between luminol
and reactive oxygen species. The state-of-the-art work mainly focuses
on improving the catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction,
which remains a significant challenge. In this work, a synergistic
signal amplification pathway is established for luminol cathodic ECL.
The synergistic effect is based on the decomposition of H2O2 by catalase-like (CAT-like) CoO nanorods (CoO NRs)
and regeneration of H2O2 by a carbonate/bicarbonate
buffer. Compared with Fe2O3 nanorod (Fe2O3 NR)- and NiO microsphere-modified glassy carbon
electrodes (GCEs), the ECL intensity of the luminol-O2 system
is nearly 50 times stronger when the potential ranged from 0 to −0.4
V on the CoO NR-modified GCE in a carbonate buffer solution. The CAT-like
CoO NRs decompose the electroreduction product H2O2 into OH· and O2
·
–, which further oxidize HCO3
– and CO3
2– to HCO3
· and CO3
·
–. These radicals
very effectively interact with luminol to form the luminol radical.
More importantly, H2O2 can be regenerated when
HCO3
· dimerizes to produce (CO2)2*, which provides a cyclic amplification of the cathodic
ECL signal during the dimerization of HCO3
·. This work inspires developing a new avenue to improve cathodic
ECL and deeply understand the mechanism of a luminol cathodic ECL
reaction.