Lithium thionyl chloride cells and batteries Technical predictions versus 1994 realities

Staniewicz, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(94)02123-k

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The current widely used downhole batteries are nonrechargeable lithium thionyl chloride batteries . However, the toxic and corrosive nature of thionyl chloride causes environment and health issues upon disposal of the depleted batteries. , In addition, as the oil industry moves to deeper reserves and the drilling time is increased, it becomes increasing important to develop rechargeable batteries to extend the downhole lifetime of the batteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Liang

Jones

Lawrence

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The kilogram-scale fabrication of VO cathode materials has been notably assisted by in situ thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)-infrared spectroscopy (IR) technology. This technology successfully identified a residue of ammonium metavanadate in commercial VO, which is consistent with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result. Samples of VO materials have been fabricated and characterized by TGA-IR, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The initial testing results at 125 °C have shown that test cells containing the sample prepared at 500 °C show up to a 10% increase in the initial specific capacity in comparison with commercial VO.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Liang

Jones

Lawrence

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…of battery system, [6][7][8][25][26][27] the first order term is the entropy change of reaction heat, and the entropy change is the dominant factor of the heat generation. The second order term attributes from the ohmic Joule heat.…”

Section: Table III Average Heat Generation Rates Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 The electrochemical approach reveals three types of heat generation sources: ohmic Joule heat, active polarization heat and reaction entropy heat. [6][7][8] Thermodynamic models vary from a zero-dimensional lumped-capacitance model to a three-dimensional thermal model. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Heat generation may be measured according to three means of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Convective Dimensionless Method for Measurement of Heat Generation in a Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A convenient convective type dimensionless lumped-capacitance (DLC) method for battery heat generation measurement is proposed. The effective heat transfer coefficient and heat generation can be obtained simultaneously, and no prior calibration of the equipment is needed. The new dimensionless method is verified by reference sample, and the experimental results agree with the theoretical line. The heat generated by a lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl 2 ) battery is measured at the ambient temperature range of 38 • C to 50 • C. Results reveal that the heat generation is not influenced by ambient temperature at a small discharge current, and the heat generation increases at higher ambient temperature under a higher discharge current condition. The heat generation is approximately proportional to the discharge current in the range of 1.0 A to 5.0 A. The heat generation measurement method can be extended to obtain the heat generated by other types of battery.With their high energy density and high power density, lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl 2 ) batteries are used in navigation equipment and spaceflight applications. However, the application of Li/SOCl 2 batteries is limited by safety incidents such as fire and explosions. 1,2 A recently reported safety incident in January 2013 was the grounding of a Boeing 787 Dreamliner, which was attributed to a fire started by the short circuiting and thermal runway of lithium batteries. 3,4 Thermal management is one of the most important issues in battery design and applications. The heat generated by electrochemical reactions must dissipate outside the battery to prevent thermal runway.The heat generation rate is an important thermal characteristic for battery design. Heat-generating sources are described in three fields of study: electricity, electrochemistry and thermodynamics. The electrical explanation shows that heat generation is the difference between the power in open-circuit voltage and the payload power. 5 The electrochemical approach reveals three types of heat generation sources: ohmic Joule heat, active polarization heat and reaction entropy heat. 6-8 Thermodynamic models vary from a zero-dimensional lumped-capacitance model to a three-dimensional thermal model. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Heat generation may be measured according to three means of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation. 15 Pesaran et al. 16 introduced a heat conduction type calorimeter to obtain heat generation data from battery modules. The battery sample was surrounded by an isothermal bath. The thermal gradient between the sample and the bath was compensated by calibration heaters. Al-Hallaj et al. 17 applied the lumped-capacitance thermal model, including conductive and convective experimental methods, to measure heat generation. First, the battery was fastened inside the cavity of an insulator; therefore, heat conduction was the main means of heat transfer, and convection and radiation were negligible. 8,18 Then, the battery was not insulated inside the calorimeter, and nat...

show abstract

Electrochemical performance of LiAlCl4/SOCl2 electrolyte with 2, 2’-bipyridine in Li/SOCl2 batteries

Zhao

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2013

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium thionyl chloride cells and batteries Technical predictions versus 1994 realities

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Convective Dimensionless Method for Measurement of Heat Generation in a Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery

Electrochemical performance of LiAlCl4/SOCl2 electrolyte with 2, 2’-bipyridine in Li/SOCl2 batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Lithium thionyl chloride cells and batteries Technical predictions versus 1994 realities

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Large-Scale Production of V6O13 Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Large-Scale Production of V6O13 Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Convective Dimensionless Method for Measurement of Heat Generation in a Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery

Electrochemical performance of LiAlCl4/SOCl2 electrolyte with 2, 2’-bipyridine in Li/SOCl2 batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology

Large-Scale Production of V₆O₁₃ Cathode Materials Assisted by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis–Infrared Spectroscopy Technology