Lithium titanate as anode material for lithium ion batteries: Synthesis, post-treatment and its electrochemical response

Chauque, Susana; Oliva, Fabiana Y.; Visintín, Arnaldo; Barraco, Daniel E.; Leiva, E.P.M.; Cámara, Osvaldo R.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.052

“…The advantages of Li-ion batteries compared to other types of batteries are, they have higher relative energy and power densities, smaller in sizes and weigh lighter, wider range of operating temperature (-20 o C to 60 o C), higher efficiency, longer operating cycles (longer lifetime), they cost lesser in terms of maintenance and they have zero memory effect. In addition, their cells have a high nominal voltage at3.6V hence high voltage ratings of energy storage systems can be designed with just few numbers of the cells [62], [102]- [105], [107], [108]. The disadvantages are, the batteries have higher relative cost per watt-hour (Wh) due to the costs of the protection circuits and packaging, the battery pack requires a battery management system to maintain the safe operating temperatures, state of charge (SOC) and nominal voltages [106], [108].…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Energy Storage Systems in Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery in DC Electrified Urban Railway Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Methods & Future Prospects

Sadiq¹

2021

Preprint

0

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<p>Electrified urban railway systems are large consumers of energy in urban areas and thus, there is a need for energy saving measures in this transportation sector. Recuperation of train’s regenerative braking energy (RBE) is one of the best ways for attaining high levels of energy efficiency in this area. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) prove to be the most practical and viable solution for maximizing the RBE utilization in urban railway systems. In the existing related reviews of ESSs, few papers covered the review of ESS technologies or converter interface. However, a comprehensive review is needed in this regard. This paper discusses an overview of urban railway electrification, and detail review for the three ESS components – ESS Technologies, Bidirectional DC-DC Converters (BDCs), and Controller Unit. This study concludes that among the storage technologies, supercapacitor ESS appears to be the most suitable followed by Lithium-ion batteries and flywheels. For BDC, cascaded BDC is the most suitable followed by dual active bridge. For control methods, fuzzy logic and artificial intelligent are recommended among other control strategies. Thus, the key contribution of this paper is the comprehensive review and analyses of the ESS’s components in the recovery of RBE in urban railways. </p>

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“…Advantages and Disadvantages: The advantages of Li-ion batteries compared to other types of batteries are, they have higher relative energy and power densities, smaller in sizes and weigh lighter, wider range of operating temperature (-20 o C to 60 o C), higher efficiency, longer operating cycles (longer lifetime), they cost lesser in terms of maintenance and they have zero memory effect. In addition, their cells have a high nominal voltage at3.6V hence high voltage ratings of energy storage systems can be designed with just few numbers of the cells [62], [102]- [105], [107], [108]. The disadvantages are, the batteries have higher relative cost per watt-hour (Wh) due to the costs of the protection circuits and packaging, the battery pack requires a battery management system to maintain the safe operating temperatures, state of charge (SOC) and nominal voltages [106], [108].…”

Section: Lithium-based Batteries (Li-ion)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Energy Storage Systems in Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery in DC Electrified Urban Railway Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Methods & Future Prospects

SADIQ¹

2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>Electrified urban railway systems are large consumers of energy in urban areas and thus, there is a need for energy saving measures in this transportation sector. Recuperation of train’s regenerative braking energy (RBE) is one of the best ways for attaining high levels of energy efficiency in this area. Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) prove to be the most practical and viable solution for maximizing the RBE utilization in urban railway systems. In the existing related reviews of ESSs, few papers covered the review of ESS technologies or converter interface. However, a comprehensive review is needed in this regard. This paper discusses an overview of urban railway electrification, and detail review for the three ESS components – ESS Technologies, Bidirectional DC-DC Converters (BDCs), and Controller Unit. This study concludes that among the storage technologies, supercapacitor ESS appears to be the most suitable followed by Lithium-ion batteries and flywheels. For BDC, cascaded BDC is the most suitable followed by dual active bridge. For control methods, fuzzy logic and artificial intelligent are recommended among other control strategies. Thus, the key contribution of this paper is the comprehensive review and analyses of the ESS’s components in the recovery of RBE in urban railways. </p>

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“…Lithium titanate (LTO) has been extensively applied as an anode in batteries [17], dye-sensitized solar cells [18], and super capacitors [19]. The small size of lithium cations makes it easier to incorporate into the lattice of TiO 2 , either by replacing the O atoms or by occupying the interstitial sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO Surface Doping to Enhance the Photocatalytic Activity of Lithium Titanate/TiO2 for Methylene Blue Photodegradation under Visible Light Irradiation

Iqbal

¹

,

Ibrahim

²

,

Rahman

³

et al. 2020

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Wastewater contaminated with dyes produced by textile industries is a major problem due to inadequate treatment prior to release into the environment. In this paper, the ability of ZnO to enhance the interfacial photocatalytic activity of lithium titanate/TiO2 (LTO/TiO2) for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation (4.38 mW/cm2) was assessed. The ZnO-doped lithium titanate/TiO2 (ZnO/LTO/TiO2) was synthesized using a combination of hydrothermal and wetness impregnation methods. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that the ZnO/LTO/TiO2 contain several phases (ZnO, LTO, and TiO2). The adsorption capacity of LTO/TiO2 (70%) was determined to be higher compared to its photocatalytic activity (25%), which is attributed to the strong interaction between the Li and surface oxygen atoms with the MB dye molecules. The introduction of ZnO improved the photocatalytic ability of LTO/TiO2 by 45% and extended the life span of ZnO/LTO/TiO2. The ZnO/LTO/TiO2 can be reused without a significant loss up to four cycles, whereas LTO/TiO2 had reduced adsorption after the second cycle by 30%. The ZnO increased the surface defects and restrained the photo-induced electrons (e−) from recombining with the photo-induced holes (h+). Scavenging tests indicated that the hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the photodegradation of MB, which is followed by electrons and holes.

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Lithium titanate as anode material for lithium ion batteries: Synthesis, post-treatment and its electrochemical response

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Review of Energy Storage Systems in Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery in DC Electrified Urban Railway Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Methods & Future Prospects

Review of Energy Storage Systems in Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery in DC Electrified Urban Railway Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Methods & Future Prospects

Review of Energy Storage Systems in Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery in DC Electrified Urban Railway Systems: Converter Topologies, Control Methods & Future Prospects

ZnO Surface Doping to Enhance the Photocatalytic Activity of Lithium Titanate/TiO2 for Methylene Blue Photodegradation under Visible Light Irradiation

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