Lithological influences on occurrence of high-fluoride groundwater in Nagar Parkar area, Thar Desert, Pakistan

Determination of boron and fluoride sources in groundwater: Batch dissolution of carbonate rocks in water

“…Several studies have suggested that F-containing minerals like fluorite, micas (biotite), apatite, amphiboles, and clay minerals could be possible sources of F -in groundwater (Hem, 1985;Kundu et al, 2001;Saxena and Ahmed, 2003;Sujatha, 2003;Rafique et al, 2008;Desbarats, 2009;Naseem et al, 2010;Reddy et al, 2010). B is associated with clay minerals, but may also occur as an accessory constituent of tourmaline, biotite, and amphiboles (Hem, 1985;Gemici and Tarcan, 2002;Gonfiantini and Pennisi, 2006;Pennisi et al, 2006).…”

“…3). According to several studies (Saxena and Ahmed, 2003;Sujatha, 2003;Gonfiantini and Pennisi, 2006;Pennisi et al, 2006;Rafique et al, 2008;Naseem et al, 2010), significant amounts of B and F in rocks are considered to be related to clay minerals. Ion-exchange and adsorption are the most typical processes through which B and F are bound to clay minerals.…”

“…Because of similar ionic radii, F -can replace the hydroxyl ion (OH -) in many minerals. Fluorite (CaF 2 ) has been generally considered as a dominant source of groundwater F -, however, its solubility in fresh water is low (Hem, 1985;Kundu et al, 2001;Saxena and Ahmed, 2003;Sujatha, 2003;Rafique et al, 2008;Naseem et al, 2010;Reddy et al, 2010). It is also suggested that high F -concentrations in groundwater may result from dissolution of biotite and apatite, which can contain significant amounts of F at the OH -sites of their octahedral sheet (Hem, 1985;Rafique et al, 2008;Desbarats, 2009;Reddy et al, 2010).…”

Principal component analysis of fluoride geochemistry of groundwater in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, China

“…3D) confirmed the differences between Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Generally, the TDS and Na level in groundwater could reflect the impact of geological processes (Naseem et al, 2010). The correlations of F with TDS and Na in Shanxi indicated that groundwater F could be attributed mainly to the dissolution of F-bearing minerals.…”

“…To find the controlling parameters from large sets of groundwater chemistry data, principal component analysis (PCA) is widely applied as an objective method in geochemistry (Helena et al, 2000;Purushotham et al, 2011;Sarbu and Pop, 2005;Stetzenbach et al, 2001). For example, using PCA analysis and petrological study, Naseem et al found that high F groundwater originates from granitic rocks, typically from albite, biotite, hornblende and pyroxene (Naseem et al, 2010).…”