Lithology and eruptive history of the Whakamaru ignimbrites in the Maraetai area of the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand

Martin, R.

doi:10.1080/00288306.1965.10423195

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The earliest deposits inferred to have come from Taupo (Table 5) [Grindley, 1960;Martin, 1961Martin, , 1965Healy et al, 1964;Blank, 1965;Brigos, 1976a, b]. These ignimbrites are buried by younger deposits in the central axis of the TVZ but are penetrated by drillholes [e.g., Grindley, 1965;Grindley and Browne, 1968;Steiner, 1977] and have been detected as subsurface reflectors beneath Lake Taupo [Northey, 1982].…”

Section: Eruptive Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Caldera Volcanoes of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Series¹

1984

Collected Reprint Series

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The Taupo volcanic zone (TVZ) has been active since 2 Ma and has erupted > 10 '• km 3 of dominantly rhyolitic magma during the last 1 m.y. Most of the volcanism is concentrated in a 125 x 60 km area forming the central TVZ and is expressed largely as six major caldera volcanoes, Rotorua, Okataina, Kapenga, Mangakino, Maroa, and Taupo, marked by localized collapse of the underlying basement and clustering of known or inferred vent sites. These centers have activity spans from 150 to 600 ka and have each erupted at least 300 to 1000 km 3 of magma. All centers except Rotorua are known or inferred to have had complex histories of multiple caldera collapse, which have occurred alongside general basement collapse within the TVZ accompanying regional extension. Deep-seated NE trending basement lineations and/or faults have influenced vent sites at Okataina, Maroa, and Taupo. Welded ignimbrites are prominent in the pre-140 ka record; their absence since then is attributed to the effects of surface water on eruption styles rather than to a change in eruptive behavior. Volcanism from the centers has been overwhelmingly rhyolitic (> 97%; SiO 2 69-77 wt %) with minor high-A1 basalt and dacite and traces of andesitc, mostly as lithic fragments in ignimbrites from Okataina and Mangakino. Although insignificant in volume, the basalt is important as a low-Si end-member in mixing relationships with the rhyolite (at one extreme generating the dacites) and occasionally as a trigger for the rhyolitic eruptions. The current average rhyolite magma eruption rate from the central TVZ is ~0.27 m 3 s -x, equally divided between Okataina and Taupo, a figure close to the long-term average for the last 1.1 Ma. However, geothermal heat flow data imply that a further 1.4-1.8 m 3 s-x of magma may be intruded within the crust. The ratio of inferred intruded material to erupted material is higher at centers where lava extrusions are volumetrically significant (Okataina, Maroa), and this is correlated with lower phenocryst equilibration temperatures in the eruptives. Evidence for resurgent doming and long-term (> 105 years) magma cycles documented at similarly sized rhyolitic calderas in the western United States is absent from the TVZ centers; this is attributed to the young faulted crust of the region, preventing the formation of sufficiently large high-level magma chambers. In overall terms, the central TVZ is comparable in size and longevity to the Yellowstone system, but its individual eruptions have very much shorter recurrence intervals and smaller volumes. INTRODUCTION The Taupo volcanic zone (TVZ) is a complex volcanotectonic depression which is the locus of Quaternary volcanism (and geothermal activity) in the central North Island of New Zealand (Figure 1; Healy [1962]). It is broadly interpreted as a volcanic arc [Ballance, 1976] and/or marginal basin [Cole and Lewis, 1981] parallel to the southern continuation of the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system. The TVZ is only the latest expression of southward younging Cenozoic calc-alkaline vol...

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Section: Eruptive Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Caldera Volcanoes of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Series¹

1984

Collected Reprint Series

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“…2) for at least 349 ± 4 k.y., based on the coincident location of a paleo-Waikato River gorge fi lled with Whakamaru Group ignimbrites (Martin, 1965). The Ohakuri Formation is of suffi cient volume (~100 km 3 ) to have overwhelmed drainage networks, and may have blocked the Ongaroto Gorge or upstream tributaries of the Waikato River.…”

Section: Signifi Cance Of Lacustrine Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2014

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The spatial and temporal distributions of volcaniclastic deposits in arc-related basins refl ect a complex interplay between tectonic, volcanic, and magmatic processes that is typically diffi cult to unravel. We take advantage of comprehensive geothermal drill hole stratigraphic records within the Taupo-Reporoa Basin (TRB), and integrate them with new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age determinations, existing age data, and new mapping to develop a four-dimensional model of basin evolution in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand. Here, exceptional rhyolitic productivity and high rates of extensional tectonism have resulted in the formation of at least eight calderas and two subparallel, northeast-trending rift basins, each of which is currently subsiding at 3 to 4 mm/yr: the Taupo fault belt (TFB) to the northwest and the TRB to the southeast (the main subject of this paper). The basins are separated in the northeast by a high-standing, fault-controlled range termed the Paeroa block, which is the focus of mapping for this study, and in the southwest by an along strike alignment of smaller scale faults and an associated region of lower relief. Stratigraphic age constraints within the Paeroa block indicate that a single basin (~120 km long by 60 km wide) existed within the central TVZ until 339 ± 5 ka (Paeroa Subgroup eruption age), and it is inferred to have drained to the west through a narrow and deep constriction, the presentday Ongaroto Gorge. Stratigraphic evidence and fi eld relationships imply that development of the Paeroa block occurred within 58 ± 26 k.y. of Paeroa Subgroup emplacement, but in two stages. The northern Paeroa block underwent uplift and associated tilting fi rst, followed by the southern Paeroa block. Elevations (>500 m above sea level) of lacustrine sediments within the southern Paeroa block are consistent with elevations of rhyolite lavas in the Ongaroto Gorge, the outlet to the paleolake in which these sediments were deposited, and indicate that the Paeroa block has remained relatively stable since development. East of the Paeroa block, stratigraphic relationships show that movement along the Kaingaroa Fault zone, the eastern boundary of the central TVZ, is associated with volcano-tectonic events. Stratigraphic and age data are consistent with rapid formation of the paired TRB and TFB at 339 ± 5 ka, and indicate that gradual, secular rifting is punctuated by volcano-tectonic episodes from time to time. Both processes infl uence basin evolution.

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“…2). Three cooling units (Smith 1960;Martin 1965) can be recognised within the formation although over much of the region only two are ceadily identifiable. The topmost unit is the thinnest and unwelded wherever observed; it has probably been removed by erosion following the eruptions in some areas.…”

Section: J Craig Y Llam Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordovician palaeogeography of the southern and eastern flanks of the Harlech Dome, Merionethshire, North Wales

Ridgway

1976

Geological Journal

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The Arenig to Caradoc palaeogeographic evolution of the Harlech Dome region is interpreted from a study of the volcanic and sedimentary successions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Dome. Acid ignimbrite volcanism is shown to have been associated with periods of uplift and intermediate to basic volcanism with periods of subsidence. The evolution of the region can be compared to that of an island arc.Gaol.

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Lithology and eruptive history of the Whakamaru ignimbrites in the Maraetai area of the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Caldera Volcanoes of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Caldera Volcanoes of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

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Ordovician palaeogeography of the southern and eastern flanks of the Harlech Dome, Merionethshire, North Wales

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