Lithospheric Based Eco-decontamination and Fate Elucidation of Fungicide Fluopyram Containing Benzamides Background

Abstract

Fungicide Fluopyram (FLP) containing benzamides class has been scrutinized for the first time for its ecotoxicity and environmental lithosphere stationed fate from various climatic zones. Fate-decisive research inclusive of examining FLP's response in perspective of alteration via adsorption/desorption and disintegration in hydrolytic, photolytic, and bio-degradative procedures. Sorptive interactions determination was done by the batch equilibration approach and indicated its dependency on the chemico-physical properties of the soils. Fragile adsorptive interactions between soils and FLP molecules were established, as indicated by physio-sorption and a fragile exothermic response indicated by negative Gibbs free energy values (-8 to -15.3 kJ mol-1). The soil with the maximal adsorption, Kd(ads) =8.6 µg mL−1, was procured to have a significant organic matter content (1.30 %), resulting in a C-type isotherm that was scrutinized using a linear and Freundlich model. The analytical techniques, inclusive of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography procedures have been endeavored to examine FLP fate elucidation. Hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation tests procured minimum halflives of 7.45, 1.29, and 5.77 days while the most remarkable were 10.6, 7.96, and 10.6 days, respectively. The results demonstrated that FLP displayed medium binding and thus low persistence in the tested soils while being extremely susceptible to transformative mechanisms. Current research can be embraced to include further augmentation of these degradative ways and to develop realistic methods for environmental cleanup through natural routes.