Lithostratigraphy of the Triassic in Jordan

Bändel, Klaus; Khoury, Hani

doi:10.1007/bf02536584

Cited by 87 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The lower Palaeozoic strata are overlain unconformably by a thick sequence of Cretaceous to Eocene sediments. Devonian to Jurassic strata are missing (Bender, 1975;Bandel and Khoury, 1981;Powell, 1989b;Powell et al, 2014).…”

Section: Geological and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

et al. 2016

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This study investigates the dominant orientations of morphological features and the relationship between these trends and the spatial orientation of tectonic structures in SW Jordan. Landsat 8 and hill-shaded images, constructed from 30 m-resolution ASTER-GDEM data, were used for automatically extracting and mapping geological lineaments. The ASTER-GDEM was further utilized to automatically identify and extract drainage network. Morphological features were analyzed by means of azimuth frequency and length density distributions. Tectonic controls on the land surface were evaluated using longitudinal profiles of many westerly flowing streams. The profiles were taken directly across the northerly trending faults within a strong topographic transition between the low-gradient uplands and the deeply incised mountain front on the east side of the Dead Sea Fault Zone. Streams of the area are widely divergent, and show numerous anomalies along their profiles when they transect faults and lineaments. Five types of drainage patterns were identified: dendritic, parallel, rectangular, trellis, and modified dendritic/trellis. Interpretation and analysis of the lineaments indicate the presence of four main lineament populations that trend ~E-W, ~N-S, NE-SW, and NW-SE. Azimuthal distribution analysis of both the measured structures and drainage channels shows similar trends, except for very few differences in the prevailing directions. The similarity in orientation of lineaments, drainage system, and subsurface structural trends highlights the degree of control exerted by underlying structure on the surface geomorphological features. Faults and lineaments serve as a preferential conduit for surface running waters. The extracted lineaments were divided into five populations based on the main age of host rocks outcropping in the study area to obtain information about the temporal evolution of the lineament trends through geologic time. A general consistency in lineament trends over the different lithological units was observed, most probably because repeated reactivation of tectonism along preexisting deep structural discontinuities which are apparently crustal weakness zones. The reactivation along such inherited discontinuities under the present-day stress field is the most probable explanation of the complicated pattern and style of present-day landscape features in SW Jordan.

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Section: Geological and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

et al. 2016

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“…The DSR is one of the most conspicuous geologic features in the Middle East, with a total left lateral slip of 105 km accumulated since Middle Miocene (ca. 17-20 Ma) (Quennell, 1959;Freund et al, 1970;Bartov, 1974;Steinitz et al, 1978;Garfunkel, 1981;Bandel and Khouri, 1981;Joffe and Garfunkel, 1987). According to these values, the average motion along the transform boundary is about 5-6 mm/yr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of recent faulting in the southern Dead Sea Rift according to GPR imaging

Basson¹,

Ben‐Avraham²,

Garfunkel³

et al. 2002

Stephan Mueller Spec. Publ. Ser.

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Abstract. The Arava valley is located at the southern part of the Dead Sea Rift (DSR). The continuous long-term tectonic activity in the area of Evrona fault zone, southern Arava valley, is evident with abundant geological expressions, while the neotectonic activity is not very clear on the surface. Furthermore, surficial inspection may give the impression that this prominent transform plate-boundary hardly produces meaningful evidence for recent tectonic activity.However, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) imaging, which has been conducted across the Evrona fault zone up to a depth of approximately 25 meters below the surface, reveals a dense inhomogeneous distribution of subsurface discontinuities. These hundreds of discontinuities per a kilometer length of GPR profile can be interpreted as sets of fractures and faults, with a variety of dip-slips, spatial orientations and depths. Another unique GPR observation reveals that the density of faults increases as a function of depth at the first 25 m. Moreover, the apparent dips of the faults suggest that they merge at a depth of a few tens of meters. This is confirmed by Shallow Seismic Reflection (SSR) observations conducted at the same locations, which generally identify a parent fault below group of faults that are detected by the GPR. According to both seismic and radar observations, a typical single active fault which is traced through the top hundred meters, changes its characteristics abruptly as it reaches a depth range of about 35-20 m below the surface. It then proceeds towards the surface in a series of splays. As a result of this mechanism, the tectonic displacement that accumulates along a plane of a parent fault is dispersed towards the surface. Linear Shear Strength Decrease (LSSD), damage distribution and fault propagation modelling of the relations between the structure and distribution of the faults and the mechanical properties of the alluvial materials of Evrona emphasize the splay mechanism and other phenomena revealed by the GPR images.Correspondence to: U. Basson (uri@geo-sense.com) An analysis of the faults detected by GPR in Evrona helped in evaluating the relative level of tectonic activity of an active fault zone. According to this approach, the neotectonic history of the Evrona fault zone during the last 45 000 yr is recorded. The GPR record reveals a peak in tectonic activity within 18 000-27 000 ybp. This peak in tectonic activity is about 37% higher than the average tectonic activity of the whole period. The level of tectonic activity in the recent period recorded by GPR (0-9000 ybp) is about 70% of the average tectonic activity and about 50% of the peak activity. These values and the decreasing trend in the tectonic activity since the peak wave suggest that the most recent period is tectonically quiet.

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“…Following Makhlouf (2003), this member is composed of fine-grained sandstones, mudstones, marls, and carbonates that represented a tidal unit of a Tethyan strandline environment. The immediate horizon is a glauconite-bearing carbonate-rich sandstone, containing bivalves and brachiopods (Bandel & Khoury 1981). Preparation of SMNS 81772 yielded two small shark teeth and several tiny tetrapod teeth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trematosauroid temnospondyl from the Middle Triassic of Jordan

Schoch

2011

Foss. Rec.

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A well-preserved mandible from the Lower Anisian Mukheiris Formation from near the Dead Sea (Jordan) proves the presence of tetrapods in the region. It is identified as a stereospondyl lower jaw sharing synapomorphies with the Trematosauroidea. It has the following combination of features: (1) Meckelian fenestra almost one-third the length of the ramus, (2) postglenoid area posterodorsally rising and robust, as long as glenoid facet, (3) preglenoid process substantially higher than medial margin of adductor chamber, (4) all teeth anteriorly and posteriorly carinate, and (5) symphysis without additional tooth rows, with a pair of unequal fangs as part of the dentary arcade, which contains unusually large teeth. The Jordan specimen shares most character-states with South African Microposaurus (size of teeth, bicarinate structure) and the Russian Inflectosaurus (preglenoid process, PGA). Phylogenetic analysis finds it to nest with Microposaurus, whereas Inflectosaurus forms an unresolved polytomy with other trematosauroids. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201100002" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.201100002</a>

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Lithostratigraphy of the Triassic in Jordan

Cited by 87 publications

References 2 publications

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

Detection and analysis of morphotectonic features utilizing satellite remote sensing and GIS: An example in SW Jordan

Development of recent faulting in the southern Dead Sea Rift according to GPR imaging

A trematosauroid temnospondyl from the Middle Triassic of Jordan

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