Little-Bang and Femto-Nova in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Abstract

We make a theoretical and experimental summary of the state-of-the-art status of hot and dense QCD matter studies on selected topics. We review the Beam Energy Scan program for the QCD phase diagram and present the current status of search for QCD Critical Point, particle production in high baryon density region, hypernuclei production, and global polarization effects in nucleusnucleus collisions. The available experimental data in the strangeness sector suggests that a grand canonical approach in thermal model at high collision energy makes a transition to the canonical ensemble behavior at low energy. We further discuss future prospects of nuclear collisions to probe properties of baryon-rich matter. Creation of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature and low baryon density has been called the "Little-Bang" and, analogously, a femtometer-scale explosion of baryon-rich matter at lower collision energy could be called the "Femto-Nova", which may possibly sustain substantial vorticity and magnetic field for non-head-on collisions.

About Magnetic AdS Black Holes

“…(It also induces an electric field around the black hole, though not at infinity.) Note that other forms of strongly coupled matter in nature, such as those generated by a generic collision of heavy ions, also typically have high angular momentum densities [28,29]; so, again, we are considering a more extreme version of a form of matter which does exist.…”

Nonuniform-temperature effects on the phase transition in an Ising-like model

“…Recent studies show that the chemical freeze-out line fitted from experimental data overlaps with the equilibrium PT boundary depicted by the lattice calculations [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. It strongly hints the dynamical PT inside the fireball happens at a temperature above the equilibrium PT temperature (see the sketch of an instantaneous fireball in Fig.…”

Signatures of QGP at RHIC and the LHC

“…1 and the phase transition is considered to be the smooth cross over. In order to study the structure of the QCD phase diagram experimentally, one can vary the collision beam energy, which leads to the change in the temperature as well as baryon chemical potential µ B in the reaction region [117,118].…”