Live anatomy of the perineal body in patients with third‐degree rectocele

Abstract

In women with low rectocele, the perineal body appears to be divided into two parts, severely displaced behind the ischial tuberosities.

The anatomy of the perineal body in relation to abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer

“…Their use has further limitations as they may have suffered from topographical distortion due to fixation and loss of muscle tone. Other researchers have examined the PB by thin-slice magnetic resonance imaging [18] or by in vivo surgical observations [19][20][21]. Wagenlehner et al [19,20] have shown that the PB could be divided into two parts, connected via a central tendon, but it was not possible to examine the two parts of the PB in the present study.…”

“…Wagenlehner et al . have shown that the PB could be divided into two parts, connected via a central tendon, but it was not possible to examine the two parts of the PB in the present study. The functional role of the PB has to be explored in vivo .…”

“…Other researchers have examined the PB by thin‐slice magnetic resonance imaging or by in vivo surgical observations . Wagenlehner et al .…”

An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female anorectal dysfunction

“…• Level IV : at the outer level, the perineal muscles (bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineii muscles), the perineal body, the distal urethra and the middle and inferior third of the anal canal are visualized. The anterior‐posterior diameter of the urogenital hiatus (UGH), corresponding to the SP‐perineal body distance, can be determined …”

Perineal body anatomy seen by three‐dimensional endovaginal ultrasound of asymptomatic nulliparae

“…According to DeLancey [3], this structure plays a critical role in Level III support. Damage to the PB, which frequently occurs during vaginal childbirth, is associated with pelvic organ prolapse [34][35][36][37][38]. Many studies have described the anatomy of the PB, but there is still considerable variation regarding its attachments and relationships [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”