Live and Heat‐Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 May Induce Modulatory Cytokines Profiles on Macrophages RAW 264.7

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and/or its products to induce the synthesis of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) by mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7). Three microorganism preparations were used: live L. rhamnosus (LLR) suspension, heat-killed L. rhamnosus (HKLR) suspension, and the supernatant of a heat-killed L. rhamnosus (SHKLR) suspension, which were cultured with macrophages (37°C, 5% CO2) for 2 h and 30 min. After that, cells were cultured for 16 h. The supernatants were used for the quantitation of cytokines, by ELISA. The results were compared with the synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analysed, using ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%. LLR and HKLR groups were able to significantly increase the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 (P < 0.05). SHKLR also significantly increased the production of TNF-α and IL-10 (P < 0.05) but not IL-6 (P > 0.05). All the L. rhamnosus suspensions were not able to produce detectable levels of IL-1β or significant levels of IL-4 and IL-12 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, live and heat-killed L. rhamnosus suspensions were able to induce the synthesis of different cytokines with proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) or regulatory (IL-10) functions, suggesting the role of strain L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 in the modulation or in the stimulation of immune responses.

A Novel Rhamnose-Rich Hetero-exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei DG Activates THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells

“…In addition, when we used EPS or DG cells in combination with LPS, we did not observe any additive effect over the induction levels of cytokines triggered by LPS. Accordingly, it was proposed that probiotics can moderately stimulate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in the absence of an inflammatory response but may have suppressive effects or no effect when an inflammatory response has already been triggered (41). In this context, probiotics, though inoffensive during infection-derived inflammations, act as mild boosters of the innate immunity that may contribute to a more efficient and faster immune response against potential infectious agents.…”

Immunomodulatory effects and anti-Candida activity of lactobacilli in macrophages and in invertebrate model of Galleria mellonella

“…Alternative treatments against resistant pathogens are gaining increasing attention in the scientific field. Among the most studied treatments, is the use of probiotics [27,34]. Probiotics are commensal microorganisms that benefit their host by providing anti-infective [35] and immunomodulatory properties [36,37].…”

Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) ointment on second-degree burn wound in Wistar rat

“…Moreover, some previous studies indicate that L. rhamnosus GG accelerates the healing of gastric ulcer in rats and protects the integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (13) (14). In addition to these effects, L. rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) has modulatory effects on the immune system (15). Considering the above and because of specificity of probiotics effects that depend on species or even the strains that are used (6,7), the aim of current study was to evaluate the topical application of L. rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) on the healing of second-degree burn wound in male Wistar rats.…”