Live Demonstration: Gaze Following System for Noninvasively Testing Electronic Contact Lens

Liang, Xiangpeng; Tanwear, Asfand; Liu, Yu-Chi; Yuan, Mengyao; Vučković, Aleksandra; Ghannam, Rami; Heidari, Hadi

doi:10.1109/icecs49266.2020.9294953

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In terms of eye and gaze tracking applications, camera-less tracking using contact lenses was demonstrated by Massin et al, which was 2.5 times better than current camera-based eyetrackers [18], [73]. In addition to their improved accuracy, such camera-less systems are more cost effective for eye and gaze tracking applications [114].…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human–Machine Interaction

Xia

Khamis

Fernández

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst.

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Contact lenses have traditionally been used for vision correction applications. Recent advances in microelectronics and nanofabrication on flexible substrates have now enabled sensors, circuits and other essential components to be integrated on a small contact lens platform. This has opened up the possibility of using contact lenses for a range of humanmachine interaction applications including vision assistance, eye tracking, displays and healthcare. In this article, we systematically review the range of smart contact lens materials, device architectures and components that facilitate this interaction for different applications. In fact, evidence from our systematic review demonstrates that these lenses can be used to display information, detect eye movements, restore vision and detect certain biomarkers in tear fluid. Consequently, whereas previous state-of the-art reviews in contact lenses focused exclusively on biosensing, our systematic review covers a wider range of smart contact lens applications in HMI. Moreover, we present a new method of classifying the literature on smart contact lenses according to their six constituent building blocks, which are the sensing, energy management, driver electronics, communications, substrate and the I/O interfacing modules. Based on recent developments in each of these categories, we speculate the challenges and opportunities of smart contact lenses for humanmachine interaction. Moreover, based on our analysis of the state-of-the-art we develop guidelines for the future design of a self-powered smart contact lens concept with integrated energy harvesters, sensors and communications modules. Therefore, our review is a critical evaluation of current data and is presented with the aim of guiding researchers to new research directions in smart contact lenses.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human–Machine Interaction

Xia

Khamis

Fernández

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst.

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“…HMI systems are used to monitor the physiological signals of the human eyes, and the signal is transmitted using personal computers or smartphones. [147,148] The HMI system corresponds to the application layer in the IoT. [149][150][151][152][153] The HMI system helps turn complex algorithms into simple and easy-to-use interfaces, which is one of the main research directions for social development.…”

Section: Smart Contact Lenses For the Human-machine Interface Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Contact Lenses for the New Era of IoT: Integrated Biosensors, Circuits, and Human–Machine Interface Systems

Xiang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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The circuit helps the sensors realize signal readout, conversion, transmission, and complex logic functions. [19][20][21] The human-machine interface (HMI) system plays the role of the application layer in the field of the IoT. [22][23][24] By presenting the sensor information to users in a simple and user-friendly interface, the HMI system enables a good user experience. [25,26] In particular, in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of smart electronic technology to achieve real-time and wireless interactive sensing is necessary. [27][28][29] Smart contact lenses (SCLs) have been employed for monitoring information regarding the eyes, including physical information (e.g., pressure and temperature) and chemical information (e.g., glucose, protein, and pH). [30][31][32][33][34] These physiological signals are closely related to human health. For example, excessive intraocular pressure (IOP) can induce glaucoma, [35] the abnormal temperature of the ocular surface can cause dry eye syndrome, [36] and excessive glucose in tears may predict diabetic retinopathy. [37] Non-invasive monitoring of human health by using SCLs will aid in better understanding of the physiological state of the eyes and even the body; subsequently, effective measures can be employed in a timely manner for the early prevention or treatment of certain diseases. As personal health information can be monitored in real-time by using SCLs, patients no longer need to go to the hospital or rely on large medical equipment. [38][39][40][41][42] Therefore, the development of SCL devices in view of the rapid advances in IoT technology is an important research topic.In this review, we focus on the latest progress and prospects of integrated biosensors, circuits, and HMI systems on SCLs under the background of the rapid development of the IoT technology, as shown in Figure 1. First, we discuss the integration of biosensors on SCLs for physiological information monitoring of the eyes, including IOP monitoring, corneal sensing, color signals sensing, tear pH monitoring, and glucose sensing. Next, we focus on wireless communication circuits integrated into SCLs, which have different functions, such as physiological signal sensing circuits, sensing circuits for disease treatment, and circuits for power supply. Furthermore, we summarize SCLs used in the HMI system. WhetherThe rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology endows some traditional devices with intelligent functions. Compared with traditional contact lenses used for correcting vision or beautifying the eyes, smart contact lenses (SCLs) are developed to monitor some physiological information of the eye. Sculls can be used to continuously monitor eye diseases noninvasively in real-time. As a personal electronic device, SCs can aid people in understanding their physical condition better without affecting their personal life. This review mainly discusses the development direction and problems associated with sculls from the perspective of the IoT. SCs c...

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human Machine Interaction

Xia¹,

Khamis²,

Fernández³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Contact lenses have traditionally been used for vision correction applications. Recent advances in microelectronics and nanofabrication on flexible substrates have now enabled sensors, circuits and other essential components to be integrated on a small contact lens platform. This has opened up the possibility of using contact lenses for a range of human-machine interaction applications including vision assistance, eye tracking, displays and health care. In this article, we systematically review the range of smart contact lens materials, device architectures and components that facilitate this interaction for different applications. In fact, evidence from our systematic review demonstrates that these lenses can be used to display information, detect eye movements, restore vision and detect certain biomarkers in tear fluid. Consequently, whereas previous state-of the-art reviews in contact lenses focused exclusively on biosensing, our systematic review covers a wider range of smart contact lens applications in HMI. Moreover, we present a new method of classifying the literature on smart contact lenses according to their six constituent building blocks, which are the sensing, energy management, driver electronics, communications, substrate and the I/O interfacing modules. Based on recent developments in each of these categories, we speculate the challenges and opportunities of smart contact lenses for human-machine interaction. Moreover, we propose a novel self-powered smart contact lens concept with integrated energy harvesters, sensors and communication modules to enable autonomous operation. Our review is therefore a critical evaluation of current data and is presented with the aim of guiding researchers to new research directions in smart contact lenses.

show abstract

Live Demonstration: Gaze Following System for Noninvasively Testing Electronic Contact Lens

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human–Machine Interaction

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human–Machine Interaction

Smart Contact Lenses for the New Era of IoT: Integrated Biosensors, Circuits, and Human–Machine Interface Systems

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human Machine Interaction

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