Live Gene Banking of Endangered Populations of Atlantic Salmon

O’Reilly, P. T.; Doyle, Roger W.

doi:10.1002/9780470995846.ch14

Cited by 32 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Methods for employing EFS include culling the number of offspring from each spawning pair, mating the same number of offspring from each spawning pair to produce the next generation, and releasing the same number of offspring from each spawning pair into the wild to reduce the reproductive variance between families (Allendorf 1993;O'Reilly and Doyle 2007;Frankham 2008). Culling individuals in a fish hatchery is most easily done at the juvenile stage.…”

Section: Rearing and Release Of Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation

et al. 2015

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Artificial propagation of fish species in hatcheries has been conducted on a large scale for several decades. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in conservation hatcheries, which aim not only to produce fish for supplementing wild populations but also to preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of threatened or endangered species. Important considerations for the latter are maximizing genetic diversity and effective population size while minimizing inbreeding and adaptation to captivity. Several studies document the theoretical implementation of captive management strategies designed to achieve these goals. However, the practical application of many of these strategies to conservation hatcheries remains challenging, as the majority of the guidelines were developed for small zoo populations. The aims of this review are (1) to survey current fish conservation hatchery managers in order to assess current hatchery practices and goals; (2) to present available management strategies for conservation hatcheries that may minimize the genetic effects of artificial propagation; and (3) to present genetic management options and their trade‐offs to managers developing fish conservation hatcheries. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the responding conservation and nonconservation hatcheries use random broodstock selection and pairing techniques while valuing the importance of maintaining genetic diversity and effective population size and minimizing inbreeding. This article reviews the application of small‐population management techniques to conservation hatcheries in an effort to increase their utility in recovery plans for endangered fish species.

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Section: Rearing and Release Of Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation

et al. 2015

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“…For instance, the specific geographic areas of localized marine migration of most iBoF S. salar may be largely responsible for severe marine mortality. In addition to non‐anadromy, a way to potentially avoid such areas would be to adopt the long‐distance migration strategy to Greenland exhibited by adjacent S. salar population groups (including a few iBoF population members such as the Gaspereau River; O'Reilly & Doyle, ). Such intraspecific variation in marine migration often has a partial genetic basis and may evolve under natural selection (Kallio‐Nyberg et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary hypotheses for a constraint to life‐history resilience in depleted Salmo salar populations

Fraser

2014

Journal of Fish Biology

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Phenotypic plasticity underlies much of the variation in life-history expression in fishes. An understanding of potential constraints on life-history plasticity thus may be critical for assessing the resiliency of populations or species to environmental change. Here, several evolutionary hypotheses are formulated for why a depleted lineage of Canadian Atlantic salmon Salmo salar populations continues to express an apparently maladaptive life history in the face of severe marine mortality. These hypotheses include: (1) reduced genetic variability for expressing plasticity, (2) constraints from genetic architecture, (3) constraints from gene flow, (4) phylogenetic constraints or irreversible evolutionary transitions, (5) environmental constraints to plasticity and (6) a restriction to population rescue from evolutionary-demographic feedbacks. This S. salar lineage is intriguing to consider for understanding resilience or the lack thereof, because it has life-history attributes that should favour resilience (e.g. a high degree of iteroparity, variable age at maturity and the presence of both long- and short-distance migration ecotypes). In particular, the discussion centres on the question of why S. salar females, in contrast to males, do not adopt a non-anadromous life history and mature in fresh water, given extremely high marine mortality among anadromous individuals of both sexes. A salient implication, with possibly significant conservation ramifications, is that fishes may exhibit substantial plasticity and potential for adapting to environmental change, but still be incapable of responding to certain environmental changes due to sex-specific constraints to life-history plasticity.

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“…In subsequent years, in addition to avoiding mating of related fish, the availability of sibship information also allowed increasing the frequency of spawnings of salmon from rare family lineages. Additional details can be found in O’Reilly & Doyle (in press). The program will be moving toward the implementation of a breeding strategy that attempts to minimize mean kinship in the Big Salmon and Stewiacke populations, by integrating the reconstructed sibship information among the founders with kinship information from subsequent generations obtained from parentage analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling first‐generation pedigrees in wild endangered salmon populations using molecular genetic markers

2006

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There is increasing interest in the use of molecular genetic data to infer genealogical relationships among individuals in the absence of parental information. Such analyses can provide insight into mating systems and estimations of heritability in the wild. In addition, accurate pedigree reconstruction among the founders of endangered populations being reared in captivity would be invaluable. Many breeding programs for endangered species attempt to minimize loss of genetic variation and inbreeding through strategies designed to minimize global co-ancestry, but they assume a lack of relatedness among the founders. Yet populations that are the target of such programs are generally in serious demographic decline, and many of the available founders may be closely related. Here we demonstrate determination of full and half-sib relationships among the wild founders of a captive breeding program involving two endangered Atlantic salmon populations using two different approaches and associated software, pedigree and colony. A large portion of the juveniles collected in these two rivers appear to be derived from surprisingly few females mating with a large number of males, probably small precocious parr. Another group of potential founders, obtained from a local hatchery, clearly originated from a small number of full-sib crosses. These results allowed us to prioritize individuals on the basis of conservation value, and are expected to help minimize loss of genetic variation through time. In addition, insight is provided into the number of contributing parents and the mating systems that produced this last generation of endangered wild Atlantic salmon.

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Live Gene Banking of Endangered Populations of Atlantic Salmon

Cited by 32 publications

References 69 publications

Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation

Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation

Evolutionary hypotheses for a constraint to life‐history resilience in depleted Salmo salar populations

Unravelling first‐generation pedigrees in wild endangered salmon populations using molecular genetic markers

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