Live poultry feeding and trading network and the transmission of avian influenza A(H5N6) virus in a large city in China, 2014–2015

Abstract

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The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019–2023

“… 69 Additionally, it has been documented that many other subtypes of AIVs from wild birds have donated the internal genes to H5N6 virus, leading to the diversification of this virus in both poultry and humans. 29 71 72 73 74 75 Transmissibility and receptor binding properties suggest that some H5N6 viruses acquired efficient in-contact transmission in ferrets, as well as binding affinity for human-like SAα2,6Gal-linked receptors, enabling attachment to human tracheal epithelial and alveolar cells. 76 Therefore, the high genetic diversity and virulence in mammals of H5N6 viruses pose an increasing threat to public health, necessitating close monitoring of continual adaptation in humans.…”

A dataset of a proxy variable for the poultry trade flows in China

“…Therefore, understanding the trade patterns is of great help to develop avian influenza control strategies. Unfortunately, poultry trade flows in China have rarely been reported, except for a few local surveys 2 , 4 , 5 .…”

“…Another study that investigated the live poultry trading network around Changsha city, Hunan Province, was also used for comparison with our estimation 2 . According to the study, of the live poultry exported to Changsha, approximately 64% were from cities in Hunan Province, and the remaining 36% were from Hubei, Henan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Guangdong Provinces 2 . For our estimation, approximately 71% were from Hunan, and the other main sources included Jiangxi, Fujian, Chongqing, Hubei, Guangxi and Guangdong Provinces.…”

“…Except for Fujian and Chongqing, the other provinces were reported to be the main source provinces. For the provinces importing live poultry from Changsha, Hunan Province itself accounted for approximately 79%, while the remaining were exported to Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, although the last three provinces (city) accounted for only a small percentage 2 . In our estimation, in addition to Hunan Province, where Changsha is located, the aforementioned provinces were also the main destinations of poultry exported from Changsha, with ranks of 3, 4, 5, 8, 16, 2, 12 and 14, respectively, by the proxy variable values in descending order.…”

Epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A(H5N6) virus, China and Laos: A multiple case descriptive analysis, February 2014–June 2023

“…Humans can be exposed to A(H5N6) by both direct and indirect contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments. For example, a notable risk factor for human exposure to A(H5N6) and other avian influenza viruses are live poultry feeding and trading markets (( 5 )). When human cases of A(H5N6) are detected, these cases are reportable to the World Health Organization (WHO) under the International Health Regulations (2005) (( 6 )).…”