“…There was no guarantee for a success, but many sporting events and professional leagues made plans to resume competition and bring attendees back to events. In fact, some professional leagues have already resumed (without or with a limited number of spectators inside the venue), with others to follow, but the overall stadium experience has significantly changed (DiFiori, et al, 2020;Majumdar & Naha, 2020). While certain safety aspects such as technical features, security checks at entry and the presence of medical staff are already common practice (Kaplanidou & Vogt, 2010;Kulczycki & Halpenny, 2014;Perić, Vitezić, & Đurkin Badurina, 2019;Pickering, Castley, Hill, & Newsome, 2010), current realities impose additional challenges to sporting event organisers who now have to consider and include new non-pharmaceutical protective measures for the safety and security of both active and passive participants.…”