Live transport of the green sea urchin (
            <i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>
            ) in air and immersed in seawater and the impact on subsequent roe enhancement after in‐water transport

James, P S B R; Evensen, Tor Hatten

doi:10.1111/are.16004

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The commercial, proprietary, formulated urchin feed (Nofima #9) used in the experiment was based on macroalgae and developed as an extruded, dry, pelleted feed by researchers at Nofima in Tromsø, Norway. That feed has previously yielded favorable results in terms of gonad quantity and quality with green sea urchin in Norway (James et al 2017a), and various versions of that formulated diet have been used in a number of published studies on a variety of different echinoid species (James 2006(James , 2013Woods et al 2008;Azad et al 2011;Siikavuopio et al 2014;Carrier et al 2017;James et al 2017aJames et al , 2017b. The proximate composition of both diets is provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Held broodstock can of course be reconditioned, but once they have spawned out completely it may be many weeks or months before they can produce viable gametes again (C. M. Pearce, personal observation). High-energy and/or high-protein formulated feeds have been used for gonad enhancement of a variety of echinoid species-including green sea urchin (Vadas et al 2000;Pearce et al 2002aPearce et al , 2002bPearce et al , 2004Robinson et al 2002;Daggett et al 2005Daggett et al , 2006Siikavuopio et al 2006Siikavuopio et al , 2008James and Siikavuopio 2012;James et al 2017a). They have been typically reported to be more efficacious than natural macroalgal diets for increasing gonad mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulated feeds prolong the reproductive period of a cultured echinoid

et al. 2023

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The production of echinoid larvae and juveniles is required in both wild‐population enhancement programs and full life‐cycle culture. Many echinoid species of commercial interest spawn only once or twice a year, however, restricting temporal access to viable broodstock. High‐energy/high‐protein formulated feeds have been used for gonad enhancement of a variety of echinoid species, but the goal of that activity has always been to produce pre‐mature gonads, which the market requires, not the production of mature gonads for breeding. The present investigation, originally established to examine gonad enhancement, took advantage of a spawning event to assess the efficacy of a formulated feed to extend the spawning period or reduce gonad recovery time after spawning in a commercially relevant echinoid, the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrous droebachiensis). Urchins held in suspended sea cages were fed either a formulated, commercial, pelleted urchin diet or bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) over 12 weeks, survival, somatic growth, gonad quantity (wet weight, yield), and gonad quality (presence/absence of gametes) being examined over time. Survivorship after 12 weeks was high, little difference being observed between the two diets (mean ± SE: 98.2 ± 1.1% and 95.9 ± 1.9% for kelp and formulated feed, respectively). There was no significant difference in somatic growth between the two treatments, but formulated feed led to significantly higher gonad wet weight and yield than kelp at the end of the study. When compared with kelp, formulated feed may have led to earlier spawning, quicker gonad recovery, and prevented the complete spawning of all urchins, thus extending the period of gamete availability. Formulated feeds may have the potential to maintain reproductively active broodstock over an extended time, allowing expansion of the period in which echinoid larvae and juveniles can be produced.

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Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulated feeds prolong the reproductive period of a cultured echinoid

et al. 2023

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“…Oyster aquaculture, recognized as low-trophic, is also valued for its reduced environmental impacts, lower feed requirements [18], and potential significant contributions to circular economics [19]. Various research initiatives have focused on expanding the products and processes of low-trophic species in marine aquaculture value chains across the Atlantic [20,21]. However, globally, oyster production has faced recurring setbacks due to disease and parasitic outbreaks [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Description and Analysis of Oyster Aquaculture in Selected Atlantic Regions: Production, Market Dynamics, and Consumption Patterns

Iitembu,

Fitzgerald,

Altintzoglou

et al. 2023

Fishes

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In the face of an increasing world population and a subsequent need for an increase in sustainable and healthy food production, low trophic species, such as oysters, emerge as a promising alternative. However, regional variations in oyster production techniques, market dynamics, and consumption patterns create challenges for both the global and local industry’s growth. In this study, a descriptive qualitative analysis of oyster markets across seven Atlantic regions was carried out. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was found to be farmed in most Atlantic regions except the US but is classified as invasive in Sweden and potentially invasive in South Africa. Other farmed and/or harvested species include native species (C. gasar and C. rhizophorae) in Brazil, the American cupped oyster (C. virginica) in the US, and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) in France, Sweden, and the US. In Irish farms, Pacific oysters are primarily for export to European markets. The marine aquaculture sectors of Sweden, South Africa, and Namibia, as well as Brazil’s farming for C. gasar, were found to be underdeveloped. This study also observed a variation in licensing, property rights, and regulatory frameworks. Financial challenges for small businesses, ecological implications of seed production techniques, biosecurity risks, and public health considerations are emphasized as critical areas for attention. This study offers valuable insights into the selected markets and can serve as a useful resource for policymakers, aquaculture practitioners, and stakeholders in optimizing global shellfish industry strategies.

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“…This has led to the over‐exploitation of many wild stocks and the understanding that urchins have great potential in aquaculture (Brown & Eddy, 2015). However, global sea urchin aquaculture (echinoculture) has not achieved considerable scale as its net global production only contributes approximately 0.01% of the global wild harvest (James, Evensen, et al., 2017). As is the case with all products, to successfully produce and develop cultivation methods for large quantities of sea urchins, precise and efficient measurement methods are essential (Føre et al., 2018; Grosjean et al., 1998; James et al., 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining computer vision and standardised protocols for improved measurement of live sea urchins for research and industry

De Vos,

Cyrus,

Macey

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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To allow sea urchin aquaculture to achieve its intended scale, efficient and precise methods for measuring large numbers of urchins in commercial‐scale operations are needed. Current protocols for measuring urchin test (shell) dimensions and mass are time‐consuming and prone to high measurement error, thus inconvenient in research and impractical in a commercial context. This study investigates and compares various measurement methods with a newly developed computer vision approach developed in this study, to establish a single protocol using precise, efficient and accessible methodology for measuring live urchins. We show that urchin wet mass can vary up to 8.73% depending on time out of water; this is significantly reduced to an average of 0.1% change by allowing urchins to drip‐dry for at least 90 s prior to weighing. We found the conventional vernier calliper method used to measure urchin dimensions to be both time‐consuming and imprecise (mean coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.41% for Tripneustes gratilla). Conversely, the computer vision programme we developed measures with higher precision (mean CV of 1.55% for T. gratilla) and is considerably faster. The software uses a series of hue saturation value filters, edge detection algorithms and distortions to measure the diameter of the test (excluding spines) of multiple urchins at once. The software is open‐source, and the protocol does not require specialised equipment (can be performed with a mobile phone camera). When the computer vision application is combined with the simple procedures described in this paper, to reduce measurement inaccuracies, urchin wet mass and diameter can be more efficiently and precisely determined. For a larger scale context, this software could easily be incorporated into various tools, such as a grading machine, to completely automate various farm processes. As such, this study has potential to assist urchin data collection in both research and commercial contexts.

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Live transport of the green sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis ) in air and immersed in seawater and the impact on subsequent roe enhancement after in‐water transport

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Formulated feeds prolong the reproductive period of a cultured echinoid

Formulated feeds prolong the reproductive period of a cultured echinoid

Comparative Description and Analysis of Oyster Aquaculture in Selected Atlantic Regions: Production, Market Dynamics, and Consumption Patterns

Combining computer vision and standardised protocols for improved measurement of live sea urchins for research and industry

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