Live yeasts enhance fibre degradation in the cow rumen through an increase in plant substrate colonization by fibrolytic bacteria and fungi

Chaucheyras‐Durand, Frédérique; Ameilbonne, Aurélie; Bichat, Arnaud; Mosoni, Pascale; Ossa, Faisury; Forano, Evelyne

doi:10.1111/jam.13005

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…However, the role of rumen fungi remains largely unexplored. Previous studies have reported that the rumen contained higher proportions of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Neocallimastigomycota [51,52]. In this study, Aspergillus accounted for approximately 47% of the fungal population at D0 but declined to undetectable levels from D3 to D14, however, the amniotic fluid culture tested positive for Aspergillus flavus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Maturation of the Goat Rumen Microbiota Involves Three Stages of Microbial Colonization

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2019

Animals

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With increasing age, the rumen microbiota of new-born ruminants become central in the translation of fibrous feed substances into essential nutrients. However, the colonization process of the microbial community (especially fungal community) remains poorly understood in ruminants at pre-weaning stages. In this study, the rumen bacterial and fungal colonization processes were investigated in goats at eight stages using amplicon sequencing. For bacteria, we found 36 common core genera at D0, D3, D14, D28, and D56, including mainly Bacillus, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Prevotella_1, Lactococcus, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214. Firmicutes was the dominant phylum among the total microbiota in newborn goat kids (prior to nursing), while Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were predominant genera. Interestingly, the proportion of Bacillus was as high as 55% in newborn animals. After milk nursing, the predominant phylum changed to Bacteroidetes, while the proportion of Bacillus and Lactobacillus was very low. CowPi was used to predict the functional gene pathways and we found increases in the abundance of genes associated with amino acid related enzymes, DNA repair and recombination proteins, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, and peptidases after D3. With regard to fungi, we found that there were 51 common genera at day 0 (D0), D3, D14, D28, and D56, including mainly Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Caecomyces. Aspergillus occupied approximately 47% at day 0, but then it decreased from day 3 to day 14. This study indicates that the core microbes of rumen emerged shortly after birth, but the abundance was very different from the core genus of the adult rumen. In addition, we also report a detailed scheme of the bacterial and fungal colonization process in rumens and propose three distinct stages during the rumen colonization process in pre-weaning goats, which will offer a reference for the development of milk substitutes for small ruminants.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Maturation of the Goat Rumen Microbiota Involves Three Stages of Microbial Colonization

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…This is supposedly done by consuming some of the oxygen in ruminal fluid, thus preventing toxicity to the ruminal bacterial and other strict anaerobes and allowing a better performance of these organisms on feed degradation (Newbold et al, 1996). The idea of enhancement of bacterial and fungal colonization of fibrous materials due to a diminished amount of oxygen has lasted until now (Chaucheyras-Durand et al, 2016). Other explanations for the in vivo mode of action is nutritional competition with autochthonous ruminal microbial species as well as the supply of nutrients (e.g.…”

Section: In Vivo Mode Of Action Of Saccharomyces In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

García-Mazcorro

Ishaq

Rodriguez‐Herrera³

et al. 2020

Animal

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All livestock animal species harbour complex microbial communities throughout their digestive tract that support vital biochemical processes, thus sustaining health and productivity. In part as a consequence of the strong and ancient alliance between the host and its associated microbes, the gut microbiota is also closely related to productivity traits such as feed efficiency. This phenomenon can help researchers and producers develop new and more effective microbiome-based interventions using probiotics, also known as direct-fed microbials (DFMs), in Animal Science. Here, we focus on one type of such beneficial microorganisms, the yeast Saccharomyces. Saccharomyces is one of the most widely used microorganisms as a DFM in livestock operations. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different species, strains and doses of Saccharomyces (mostly Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on gut microbial ecology, health, nutrition and productivity traits of several livestock species. However, the possible existence of Saccharomyces which are indigenous to the animals’ digestive tract has received little attention and has never been the subject of a review. We for the first time provide a comprehensive review, with the objective of shedding light into the possible existence of indigenous Saccharomyces of the digestive tract of livestock. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a nomadic yeast able to survive in a broad range of environments including soil, grass and silages. Therefore, it is very likely that cattle and other animals have been in direct contact with this and other types of Saccharomyces throughout their entire existence. However, to date, the majority of animal scientists seem to agree that the presence of Saccharomyces in any section of the gut only reflects dietary contamination; in other words, these are foreign organisms that are only transiently present in the gut. Importantly, this belief (i.e. that Saccharomyces come solely from the diet) is often not well grounded and does not necessarily hold for all the many other groups of microbes in the gut. In addition to summarizing the current body of literature involving Saccharomyces in the digestive tract, we discuss whether the beneficial effects associated with the consumption of Saccharomyces may be related to its foreign origin, though this concept may not necessarily satisfy the theories that have been proposed to explain probiotic efficacy in vivo. This novel review may prove useful for biomedical scientists and others wishing to improve health and productivity using Saccharomyces and other beneficial microorganisms.

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“…A significant increase in digestion of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose was observed with S. cerevisiae NCDC42 culture at 1 ml kg −1 body weight (Tripathi and Karim ). Furthermore, Chaucheyras‐Durand et al () reported that Saccharomyces may indirectly promote microbial fibre degradation by stabilizing ruminal pH and increasing dry matter intake. Lascano et al () reported that supplementation of S. cerevisiae at 3·13 × 10 7 CFU per gram in lactating cows increased fibre digestibility, improved milk and fat contents and improved gastrointestinal tract microbial balance.…”

Section: Impact Of Feeding Single‐cell Fungi On Rumen Fermentation Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic role of single‐celled fungi in ruminal microbial ecology and activities

Elghandour

Khusro²,

Adegbeye

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Summary In ruminants, high fermentation capacity is necessary to develop more efficient ruminant production systems. Greater level of production depends on the ability of the microbial ecosystem to convert organic matter into precursors of milk and meat. This has led to increased interest by animal nutritionists, biochemists and microbiologists in evaluating different strategies to manipulate the rumen biota to improve animal performance, production efficiency and animal health. One of such strategies is the use of natural feed additives such as single‐celled fungi yeast. The main objectives of using yeasts as natural additives in ruminant diets include; (i) to prevent rumen microflora disorders, (ii) to improve and sustain higher production of milk and meat, (iii) to reduce rumen acidosis and bloat which adversely affect animal health and performance, (iv) to decrease the risk of ruminant‐associated human pathogens and (v) to reduce the excretion of nitrogenous‐based compounds, carbon dioxide and methane. Yeast, a natural feed additive, has the potential to enhance feed degradation by increasing the concentration of volatile fatty acids during fermentation processes. In addition, microbial growth in the rumen is enhanced in the presence of yeast leading to the delivery of a greater amount of microbial protein to the duodenum and high nitrogen retention. Single‐celled fungi yeast has demonstrated its ability to increase fibre digestibility and lower faecal output of organic matter due to improved digestion of organic matter, which subsequently improves animal productivity. Yeast also has the ability to alter the fermentation process in the rumen in a way that reduces methane formation. Furthermore, yeast inclusion in ruminant diets has been reported to decrease toxins absorption such as mycotoxins and promote epithelial cell integrity. This review article provides information on the impact of single‐celled fungi yeast as a feed supplement on ruminal microbiota and its function to improve the health and productive longevity of ruminants.

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Live yeasts enhance fibre degradation in the cow rumen through an increase in plant substrate colonization by fibrolytic bacteria and fungi

Abstract: Distribution of this microbial additive could be an interesting tool to increase fibre digestion in the rumen and thereby improve cow feed efficiency.

Cited by 44 publications

References 53 publications

Maturation of the Goat Rumen Microbiota Involves Three Stages of Microbial Colonization

Maturation of the Goat Rumen Microbiota Involves Three Stages of Microbial Colonization

Review: Are there indigenous Saccharomyces in the digestive tract of livestock animal species? Implications for health, nutrition and productivity traits

Dynamic role of single‐celled fungi in ruminal microbial ecology and activities

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