Infertility, defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, affects 8.8% of US women aged 15 to 49 years 1 and is often associated with significant physical and emotional stress. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of infertility for heterosexual couples. 2
MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Cochrane databases for Englishlanguage studies of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of infertility published from January 2015 to November 2020, including randomized clinical trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and observational studies. Based on these criteria, 71 articles were identified, including 5 clinical trials, 31 systematic reviews, 29 meta-analyses, and 6 practice guidelines. We manually searched references for additional relevant publications. RCTs, metaanalyses, and systematic reviews applicable to a general medical readership were prioritized for inclusion.