Lived Experiences of Stigma Among Filipino Former Drug Dependents: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Abstract

This study is a qualitative phenomenological investigation on the experiences of Filipino former drug dependents who were subject to stigmatization. Seven semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The analysis revealed four themes: (1) discrimination after discovery, (2) psychological consequences, (3) ways of coping, and (4) sense of purpose. Findings suggest that the process of experiencing and overcoming stigma lies in the interplay of social, structural, and internal processes and is underpinned with a desire to improve oneself. Despite these experiences, participants have also learned to move beyond their stigmatized identity and attain a sense of purpose and hope. The role of stigma on help-seeking attitudes and practical implications for intervention and policy reform are also discussed.

The Stigma of Substance Use and Addiction Among Filipino Immigrants and in the Philippines

“… 2 - 5 Evidence suggests that the church’s perspective on substance use and addiction can lead to discrimination by peers and family members. 5 For instance, a person who has used drugs recalled his colleagues at work telling him that “you can’t be with us, you’re not on our level. You’re an addict, we’re good people.” 5 Stigma can also lead to poor healthcare and help-seeking behaviors.…”

“… 5 For instance, a person who has used drugs recalled his colleagues at work telling him that “you can’t be with us, you’re not on our level. You’re an addict, we’re good people.” 5 Stigma can also lead to poor healthcare and help-seeking behaviors. For instance, people who inject drugs or engage in sex work may not be tested for blood-borne and sexually transmitted illnesses in rehabilitation and treatment centers.…”

“… 4 They may also self-isolate and avoid people because of shame, reducing their access to social support and resources. 5 …”

“…For instance, commonly used Filipino slang can be used to refer to substances (eg, “shabu” or “bato” for crystal methamphetamine). Fourth, since discrimination and violence can be pervasive in the Philippines, 2 - 5 assurance of safety and protection from discrimination may help provide a sense of security and encourage help-seeking among Filipino immigrants. Lastly, while the church may have participated in promulgating stigma, Filipinos who have used addictive substances steadfastly cope by clinging to their spirituality (eg, praying and doing church service).…”

“…Lastly, while the church may have participated in promulgating stigma, Filipinos who have used addictive substances steadfastly cope by clinging to their spirituality (eg, praying and doing church service). 5 Thus, provisions for spiritual interventions can be an essential repertoire of recovery and rehabilitation programs for Filipino immigrants.…”