Livelihood Resilience Perception: Gender Equalisation of Resettlers from Rural Reservoirs—Empirical Evidence from China

Abstract

Hydropower engineering has brought unprecedented benefits to the world while causing massive displacement of people. Since the implementation of the Post-Relocation Support (PReS) policy for reservoir resettlers in China in 2006, the distribution of perceived livelihood resilience by gender of resettlers has gradually become more equal. Based on data from a survey of rural reservoir resettlers’ livelihoods in nine regions of Guizhou Province, China, this data examines the distribution of resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience across genders using logit regression and then explores the contribution to gender equality. The empirical results show that, unlike previous studies, household economic conditions do not bring about more gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers (gender contribution ratio = 1.12). Gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers were influenced by household workforce levels (e.g., gender contribution ratio = 1.23 at high workforce levels), education level (e.g., contribution ratio = 1.87 in primary education), and resettlement methods (e.g., contribution ratio = 4.53 at external resettlement). The implementation of the PReS policy also contributes to the gender equality of these resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience. For rural resettlers in different regions with different livelihoods, resettlement patterns, capital, and gender differences of resettlers should be understood through different livelihood resilience perspectives. Improving capacity building of resettlers’ livelihoods resilience through site-specific, participatory development and resource interoperability to promote high quality, sustainable and simultaneous development in resettlement areas and reservoirs.

Improving the Livelihood Resilience of Poverty-Stricken Population under Rural Revitalization: A Case Study of Chongqing M Reservoir Area

“…Amadu et al [32] presented a three-dimensional framework for livelihood resilience based on learning, self-organizing, and buffering capacities, and they used structural equation modeling to validate the validity of the framework for interventions aimed at improving fishermen's livelihood resilience. Shi et al [5] used logistic regression to examine migrant livelihood resilience issues and discovered that home economic circumstances did not affect how resilient a livelihood was regarded by relocators. In the context of climate change, Yang et al [33] explored the livelihood vulnerability of farmers in various disaster-prone regions, analyzed it using polynomial logistic regression, and offered specific recommendations to support livelihood resilience among households working to eradicate poverty.…”

“…The majority of academic research focuses on underprivileged farmers, immigrants, and other groups, but there are few studies on how the poverty-stricken population resists Sustainability 2023, 15, 13766 2 of 19 changes in their means of subsistence [4][5][6]. Although this segment of the population has been lifted out of absolute poverty and the basic issues of food and clothing have been resolved, they are still relatively poor vulnerable groups, with weak resilience, risks, and they are difficult to maintain.…”

Livelihood Vulnerability Resilience Capacity of the Rural Economy in Nigeria’s Bauchi State

“…As reported by Liu et al (2022), livelihood resilience is the ability of all individuals from various generations to sustain and improve their living conditions, well-being, and circumstances in the face of crises in the environment, economy, social, and political spheres. The adaptive tactics used by people or households in stressful or shocking situations provide the basis for livelihood resilience (Shi et al, 2022;Chen et al, 2023). Building livelihood resilience suggests that a person's livelihood tactics make it far simpler for them to deal with the effects of pressures and shocks, overcome ambiguity, and accommodate changing circumstances (Tannor et al, 2022;Fahad et al, 2023).…”

A coupled and coordinated analysis in livelihoods of poverty alleviation migrants from a just transition perspective

“…This study views relative poverty of migrants from a "just transition" perspective for two reasons: First, resettlement is a major psycho-sociocultural and economic process involving the destruction, repair, adjustment, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of very complex population-resource-environment-social and economic interactions, exchanges, and arrangements (Downing and Downing, 2009). Due to the traditional employment opportunities have been lost (Yan et al, 2017(Yan et al, , 2018Reddy, 2018), it can also lead to short-term relative poverty among resettled people and their communities (Chen et al, 2020;Shi et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). Ethnic minority groups directly-enteringsocialism with insufficient resource bases are likely to face risks to "just transition" in the process of social transformation toward "common prosperity".…”