Livelihoods, forests, and conservation in developing countries: An Overview

Making it last? Analysing the role of NGO interventions in the development of institutions for durable collective action in Indian community forestry

“…Firstly, because of the large numbers of poor people living in forested areas who are affected by policies advocating decentralised forest management (Springate-Baginski et al, 2012;Sunderlin et al, 2005) and secondly, as since the 1980s there has been a proliferation of NGOs working on development issues. This trend was propelled by the growth of decentralisation policies (such as the Indian National Forest Policy of 1988), shifts in the development discourse away from state driven developmentalism towards bottom-up society-led development (Ghosh, 2009;Baviskar, 2001) and critique of the regulatory top-down approaches of the Forest Department (Ghate, 2003).…”

“…This literature has shown that when self-organised communities manage to develop their own institutional arrangements to regulate the use of common pool resources (CPRs, such as forests) they often outperform government or market solutions to unsustainable commons governance (e.g. Van Laerhoven, 2010;Pretty and Ward, 2001;Ostrom, 1990;Poteete and Ostrom, 2004;Sunderlin et al, 2005). It is largely comprised of theoretical and empirical studies exploring the critical conditions under which communities are able to selforganise and develop durable community institutions.…”

Conservation and development: Evidence from Thai protected areas

“…Related studies seek to estimate local economic benefits from sustainable forestry schemes or flows of non-timber forest products (see review by Sunderlin et al 2005). Note that whether or not communities depending on non-timber forest products would benefit from protected areas depends on how protection impacts the flow of those products, the community's ability to access those products, and the magnitude of income from those products (for different views see Cavendish 2000, Richards 2000, Wunder 2001, Sunderlin et al 2005 To date, retrospective evidence about protected area impacts comes mainly from case studies of specific protected areas. 4 These document both positive and negative impacts.…”

Determinants of Local People’s Perception on the Trade-Off between Conservation and Poverty Reduction in Community based Natural Resource Management: A Case Study of Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia

“…Trade-off between conservation and poverty reduction is divided into four levels: (1) win (conservation)-win (poverty reduction), (2) win (conservation)-lose (poverty reduction), (3) lose (conservation)-win (poverty reduction), and (4) lose (conservation)-lose (poverty reduction) (Sunderlin et al, 2005). Ostrom (1990) proposed eight principles to make resource management regime including CBNRM successful.…”