Liver and Kidney Lesions and Associated Enzyme Changes Induced in Rabbits by Chronic Cyanide Exposure

Okolie, Ngozi Paulinus; Osagie, Anthony U.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00059-9

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The liver and kidney changes were observed in several animal species and humans exposed to cyanide [5,15,20,22,34]. These changes were also present in both dams and kids in the present experiment, showing that they also occur in the suckling offspring of treated goats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Milk transfer of cyanide and thiocyanate: Cyanide exposure by lactation in goats

Soto-Blanco¹,

Górniak

2003

Vet. Res.

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-The present work was aimed at evaluating the effects of maternal exposure to potassium cyanide (KCN) during lactation in goats. Twenty-seven lactating female goats were orally dosed with 0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mg KCN/kg body weight/day from lactation days 0 to 90. After this period, all male kids and one mother from each group were killed for a pathological study. Cyanide treatment promoted the clinical signs of maternal toxicity in the highest KCN group but did not affect body weight. Both cyanide and thiocyanate presented increased levels in both dams and kids from the treated groups. Microscopic lesions, but without alterations on the biochemical panel, were found in the brain, thyroid, liver, and kidneys of both dams and kids from the treated groups. These findings suggest that lactating offspring can be indirectly intoxicated by maternal exposure to cyanide.cyanide / thiocyanate / milk / goat

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Milk transfer of cyanide and thiocyanate: Cyanide exposure by lactation in goats

Soto-Blanco¹,

Górniak

2003

Vet. Res.

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“…Increased in feed consumption compared to the control was observed. The increased feed intake had been reported to be an adaptation to compensate for the shortfalls in ATP production as a result of aerobic metabolism by cyanide (Okolie and Osagie, 1999). Also, Aslihan (2002) attributed membrane potential, intracellular volume and nutrient uptake to be regulated by proper function of the sodium pump.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Sub Lethal Effect of Potassium Cyanide on the Behaviour and ATPase Enzyme Activity in the Freshwater Fish, <i>Clarias</i> <i>gariepinus </i>(Catfish)

Oseni

2015

ILNS

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ABSTRACT.The Present research studies the acute sub lethal toxicity of potassium cyanide (KCN) in the fresh water, Clarias gariepinus and the effects on its behaviour and the Na + -K + ATPase enzyme activity. Acute toxicity of potassium cyanide (free cyanide) to the freshwater fish was studied using static bioassay method over a period of 96 h. Different concentrations of the toxicant (KCN) were used and LC 50 value was found to be 361µg/L. Behavioural changes when exposed to lethal concentration of KCN showed increased feed intake, cannibalism, irregular swimming activity, rapid jerk movement, aggressiveness, loss of balance, opercula movement, surface behaviour, loss of equilibrium, change in body colour and convulsion. The effect of potassium on the Na + -K + ATPase of various physiological tissues which includes the gill, liver, muscles and intestinal over duration 0f 12 h-35 days were also studied. Cyanide intoxication resulted in marked changes in ATPase, shown by significant decrease in the enzyme activities. The result shows that ATPase enzyme together could be employed as a sensitive and useful biomarkers for cyanide pollution while the behavioural changes could be an early signal of toxicity.

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“…LDH enzyme is known to be active when there is an oxygen debt in the tissue, causing pyruvate to be converted to lactate in anaerobic glycolysis (Murray et al, 2000). Increased tissue level activity of this terminal enzyme was reported as the characteristic features of lactic acidosis resulting from the inhibitory effect of cyanide on aerobic metabolism (Speijers, 1993;Okolie and Osagie, 1999), thus, producing a state of histotoxic anoxia. This effects were evidence in cyanide-exposed rabbits and common carp (Okolie and Osagie, 1999;Sadati et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased tissue level activity of this terminal enzyme was reported as the characteristic features of lactic acidosis resulting from the inhibitory effect of cyanide on aerobic metabolism (Speijers, 1993;Okolie and Osagie, 1999), thus, producing a state of histotoxic anoxia. This effects were evidence in cyanide-exposed rabbits and common carp (Okolie and Osagie, 1999;Sadati et al, 2013). Shamna et al (2015) also observed an increased level activity of LDH enzymes in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed phorbol esters-containing jatropha protein concentrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita : Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity

Fawole

Sahu

Jain

et al. 2016

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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a b s t r a c tThe nutritional potential of protein isolate from rubber seed (RPI) in the diets of Labeo rohita (initial average weight 4.45 ± 0.01 g) was assessed in a 60 days feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (32.62 ± 0.13 CP Kg −1 ) and isocaloric (18.47 ± 0.08 MJ kg −1 ) experimental diets were formulated with graded level of RPI like 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% in replacement for soybean protein isolate (SPI), and designated as Control, RPI25, RPI50, RPI75, RPI100, respectively. The RPI contributed 0%, 13%, 26%, 39% or 52% of the total dietary protein in the diets. Each diets were randomly assigned to 15 experimental tanks containing 12 fish in triplicates and fed to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance and nutrient utilization indices such as percent weight gain (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), daily growth coefficient (DGC), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention (PR) values were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments irrespective of inclusion levels of RPI. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) hepatosomatic index (HSI) was recorded in the control and RPI 50 group compared to other treatment groups (p < 0.05). The intestinal somatic index (ISI) and Survival rate were similar (p > 0.05) in all the groups. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and protein for fish fed the control and RPI 100 diets were found to be similar, while RPI 50 and RPI 75 groups exhibited a significantly lower value corresponding to the protease enzyme activity. The whole body compositions and digestive/metabolic enzymes activities among the various groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control compared to the RPI fed groups. Significantly higher serum glucose level was recorded in RPI 50, while a reverse was seen in the liver glycogen contents. Overall, this study clearly showed that RPI from rubber seed can serve as alternative protein source in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings without any adverse effects on growth, nutrient utilization and physio-metabolic responses.

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Liver and Kidney Lesions and Associated Enzyme Changes Induced in Rabbits by Chronic Cyanide Exposure

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

Milk transfer of cyanide and thiocyanate: Cyanide exposure by lactation in goats

Milk transfer of cyanide and thiocyanate: Cyanide exposure by lactation in goats

Acute and Sub Lethal Effect of Potassium Cyanide on the Behaviour and ATPase Enzyme Activity in the Freshwater Fish, <i>Clarias</i> <i>gariepinus </i>(Catfish)

Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from rubber seed in the diet of Labeo rohita : Effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and metabolic enzymes activity

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