Liver and serum lipids in Wistar rats fed a novel structured lipid containing conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) have been known to have several health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to introduce a novel structured lipid (SL) including both CLA and CLnA (cis9, trans11, cis13-18:3, punicic acid) into one triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule through enzymatic interesterification and investigate its effect on body weight, liver and serum lipids in Wistar rats. CLA oil, pomegranate seed oil (as a rich source of CLnA) and soybean oil (as a negative control) were applied as other experimental oils. The rats were fed the oils at 1500 mg/kg body weight per day via oral gavage for 45 days. Gas chromatography analysis showed that SL included CLnA and CLA in roughly equal concentrations. The in vivo study revealed that SL had the greatest effect on the reduction in liver lipid weight (4.65 g/100g of liver) and liver TAG (13.28 mg/g) compared to soybean oil (8.7 g/100g and 18.8 mg/g, respectively). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum of rats which were fed CLA oil significantly (p < 0.05) increased (from 0.95 to 1.14 mmol/l). Pomegranate seed oil reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (about 40% and 24% reduction, respectively). A remarkable TAG reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in all treated rats.

Role of bioactive lipids in obesity

“…The authors attributed this suppression, at least in part, to suppression of ∆-9 desaturation, a key step in the membrane-bound stearoyl-CoA desaturase synthesis of MUFA from SFA (Arao et al, 2004). Furthermore, a reduction on LDL cholesterol (40% reduction) and total cholesterol (24% reduction) as well as TGs reduction was reported by pomegranate seed oil oral supplementation in rats (Shagholian et al, 2019).…”

Anti-atherosclerotic and cardiovascular protective benefits of Brazilian nuts

“…Dietary linolenic acid is inversely associated with waist circumference, blood lipids, inflammatory biomarkers, and positively associated with HDL cholesterol levels (89,90). Using a structured lipid containing equal proportions of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids, it was reported that this product decreased lipid liver weight, serum TC, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, but enhanced serum HDL cholesterol levels (91). One of the oldest studies regarding the cholesterol lowering effects of sitosterol was published in more than 60 years ago.…”

Effects of catalpa seed oil and pomegranate seed oil on body weight and intestinal flora in mice

“…Among them, research on pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and punicic acid found that PSO can improve insulin sensitivity (Harzallah et al, 2016), and upregulate obesity-mediated hepatic insulin receptor phosphorylation Tyr-972, p-IRB tyr1146, and pAMPK (Raffaele et al, 2020), as well as other mechanisms to prevent obesity. PSO can also reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol content in blood lipids in mice (Coronado-Reyes et al, 2022;Shagholian et al, 2019).…”

“…Ingestion of punicic acid-rich PSO reduces omental white adipose tissue weight in obese and hyperlipidemic rats (Szymczyk & Szczurek, 2016). In a study comparing the effects of CLnA and conjugated linoleic acid on fat accumulation in rats, a diet containing a 1% mixture of CLnA isomers reduced the amount of adipose tissue by an amount that was eight times greater than that of conjugated linoleic acid (Shagholian et al, 2019). In addition, the weight of perirenal adipose tissue in mice fed genetically modified rapeseed oil containing PSO or punicic acid for 4 weeks decreased in a dose-dependent manner (Demizieux et al, 2016).…”