Liver cirrhosis and complications from the perspective of dysbiosis

Nie, Guole; Zhang, Honglong; Xie, Danna; Yan, Jun; Li, Xun

doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1320015

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 167 publications

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“…This process ultimately results in the distortion and deformation of the liver’s vascular architecture. The term “cirrhosis” originates from the Greek word “kirrhos,” denoting a yellow or yellowish-brown hue, in reference to the coloration of nodules visible on the liver’s surface.Today, liver cirrhosis represents the advanced pathological progression of chronic liver disease, characterized by persistent inflammation, restructuring of hepatic lobes, and the development of pseudolobules and nodules ( Nie et al, 2023 ). And Liver cirrhosis it can present clinically in two main stages: an asymptomatic stage known as compensated cirrhosis, and a symptomatic stage known as decompensated cirrhosis.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Liver Cirrhosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver cirrhosis: current status and treatment options using western or traditional Chinese medicine

Zheng,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Liver cirrhosis arises from liver fibrosis and necroinflammation caused by various mechanisms of hepatic injury. It is a prevalent condition in clinical practice characterized by hepatocellular dysfunction, portal hypertension, and associated complications. Despite its common occurrence, the etiology and pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis remain incompletely understood, posing a significant health threat. Effective prevention of its onset and progression is paramount in medical research. Symptoms often include discomfort in the liver area, while complications such as sarcopenia, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and infection can arise. While the efficacy of Western medicine in treating liver cirrhosis is uncertain, Chinese medicine offers distinct advantages. This review explores advancements in liver cirrhosis treatment encompassing non-pharmacological and pharmacological modalities. Chinese medicine interventions, including Chinese medicine decoctions, Chinese patent medicines, and acupuncture, exhibit notable efficacy in cirrhosis reversal and offer improved prognoses. Nowadays, the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of liver cirrhosis also has considerable advantages, which is worthy of further research and clinical promotion. Standardized treatment protocols based on these findings hold significant clinical implications.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Liver Cirrhosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver cirrhosis: current status and treatment options using western or traditional Chinese medicine

Zheng,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Liver cirrhosis and antibiotic therapy but not TIPS application leads to a shift of the intestinal bacterial communities: A controlled, prospective study

Heller,

Herlemann,

Plieth

et al. 2024

J of Digest Diseases

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ObjectivesThe gut–liver axis is discussed to play an important role in hepatic cirrhosis. Decompensated liver cirrhosis is associated with portal hypertension, which can lead to a variety of complications. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment option for the complications of portal hypertension. In this study we focused on the effect of TIPS on intestinal microbial composition in cirrhotic patients.MethodsThirty patients with liver cirrhosis were compared to 18 healthy adults. Seventeen patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension received a TIPS. Clinical characteristics, including age, sex, and liver function measured with a Child‐Pugh score and model for end‐stage liver disease score, were obtained. Intestinal microbial composition was assessed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from stool probes before and after TIPS.ResultsTIPS led to a reduction of hepatic venous pressure gradient. However, TIPS did not cause a shift in the intestinal bacterial communities. Independent from the application of TIPS, antibiotic therapy was associated with a significant difference in the intestinal bacterial microbiota and also a reduced α‐diversity. In addition, a significant difference was observed in the intestinal bacterial composition between patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls.ConclusionThe presence of liver cirrhosis and the use of antibiotic therapy, but not the application of TIPS, were associated with a significant shift of the intestinal bacterial communities, showing a high impact on the microbiota of patients with liver cirrhosis.

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New insights into the intestinal barrier through “gut-organ” axes and a glimpse of the microgravity’s effects on intestinal barrier

Nie,

Ge,

Huang

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Gut serves as the largest interface between humans and the environment, playing a crucial role in nutrient absorption and protection against harmful substances. The intestinal barrier acts as the initial defense mechanism against non-specific infections, with its integrity directly impacting the homeostasis and health of the human body. The primary factor attributed to the impairment of the intestinal barrier in previous studies has always centered on the gastrointestinal tract itself. In recent years, the concept of the “gut-organ” axis has gained significant popularity, revealing a profound interconnection between the gut and other organs. It speculates that disruption of these axes plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of intestinal barrier damage. The evaluation of intestinal barrier function and detection of enterogenic endotoxins can serve as “detecting agents” for identifying early functional alterations in the heart, kidney, and liver, thereby facilitating timely intervention in the disorders. Simultaneously, consolidating intestinal barrier integrity may also present a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate damage in other organs. Studies have demonstrated that diverse signaling pathways and their corresponding key molecules are extensively involved in the pathophysiological regulation of the intestinal barrier. Aberrant activation of these signaling pathways and dysregulated expression of key molecules play a pivotal role in the process of intestinal barrier impairment. Microgravity, being the predominant characteristic of space, can potentially exert a significant influence on diverse intestinal barriers. We will discuss the interaction between the “gut-organ” axes and intestinal barrier damage, further elucidate the signaling pathways underlying intestinal barrier damage, and summarize alterations in various components of the intestinal barrier under microgravity. This review aims to offer a novel perspective for comprehending the etiology and molecular mechanisms of intestinal barrier injury as well as the prevention and management of intestinal barrier injury under microgravity environment.

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Liver cirrhosis and complications from the perspective of dysbiosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 167 publications

Liver cirrhosis: current status and treatment options using western or traditional Chinese medicine

Liver cirrhosis: current status and treatment options using western or traditional Chinese medicine

Liver cirrhosis and antibiotic therapy but not TIPS application leads to a shift of the intestinal bacterial communities: A controlled, prospective study

New insights into the intestinal barrier through “gut-organ” axes and a glimpse of the microgravity’s effects on intestinal barrier

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