Liver concentrations of vitamin A and carotenoids, as a function of age and other parameters, of American children who died of various causes

Ja, Olson; Gunning, Desiree B.; Tilton, R A

doi:10.1093/ajcn/39.6.903

Cited by 105 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some investigators have questioned the use of 0.70 mmol/l as the cutoff point indicating the presence of VAD in young infants (Lindblad et al, 1998;Bhaskaram et al, 2000;Schmidt et al, 2001, de Pee andDary, 2002), and have proposed a value of 0.35 mmol/l as the limit (Lindblad et al, 1998). It is known that babies are born with low hepatic reserves of vitamin A, showing retinol levels up to 50% lower than those of their mothers (Olson et al, 1984;Haskell and Brown, 1999;Azais-Braesco and Pascal, 2000). In addition, owing to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract, vitamin A absorption may be less efficient in infants younger than 6 months than in adults and circulating retinol levels p0.70 mmol/l are common, even in well-nourished populations (Haskell and Brown, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maternal vitamin A supplementation on the mother–infant pair in Brazil

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major public health problem. The supplementation of lactating women could be an effective strategy to combat it. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of maternal vitamin A supplementation on the mother-infant pair. Subjects/Methods: This was a double blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical assay in which 33 women received 200 000 IU of vitamin A and 33 women received soy oil between 20th and 30th postpartum days. Maternal blood and milk samples were collected immediately before supplementation and 3 months after delivery, when blood was also collected from the babies. Retinol concentrations p0.70 mmol/l in serum and 1.05 mmol/l in milk were considered to indicate VAD. Results: Increase in serum retinol level was observed in the supplemented group compared with the pre-supplementation levels (1.05 and 1.17 mmol/l, respectively; P ¼ 0.026) and to the post-supplementation levels of the control group (1.02 mmol/l; P ¼ 0.032). Reduction in breast milk retinol was observed in the control group compared with the pre-supplementation levels (1.93 and 1.34 mmol/l, respectively; Po0.0001) and to the post-supplementation levels of the supplemented group (1.56 mmol/l; P ¼ 0.0003). There was significant difference in the prevalence of VAD in breast milk after supplementation, 55.6% (15/27) in the control group and 16.1% (5/31) in the supplemented group (P ¼ 0.002). VAD was present in 66.1% (39/59) of infants, with mean serum retinol levels of 0.64 ± 0.30 mmol/l in the control group and of 0.69 ± 0.26 mmol/l in the supplemented group. Conclusions: Supplementation had a positive impact on maternal vitamin A status. No effect on infant status was detectable 2 months after supplementation with a single dose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maternal vitamin A supplementation on the mother–infant pair in Brazil

et al. 2010

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“…Although quantitation of hepatic stores of vitamin A is considered an accurate way of measuring vitamin A status, the presence of portal tract expansion and fibrosis may artificially reduce vitamin A content of the liver when calculated on a per liver weight basis. 42 In addition, autopsy studies have demonstrated that needle biopsies from different parts of the liver yield vastly different vitamin A concentrations. 43 Because of these difficulties in interpreting vitamin A stores directly in liver specimens, we believe the functional test of vitamin A reserves, the RDR, 15,16 is a more accurate (and certainly more feasible) means of assessing vitamin A status in the presence of chronic liver disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Indices of Vitamin A Status in Children With Chronic Liver Disease *

et al. 2005

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Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins is a major complication of chronic cholestatic liver disease. The most accurate way to assess vitamin A status in children who have cholestasis is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of noninvasive tests to detect vitamin A deficiency. Children with chronic cholestatic liver disease (n ‫؍‬ 23) and noncholestatic liver disease (n ‫؍‬ 10) were studied. Ten cholestatic patients were identified as vitamin A-deficient based on the relative dose response (RDR). Compared with the RDR, the sensitivity and specificity to detect vitamin A deficiency for each test was, respectively: serum retinol, 90% and 78%; retinolbinding protein (RBP), 40% and 91%; retinol/RBP molar ratio, 60% and 74%; conjunctival impression cytology, 44% and 48%; slit-lamp examination, 20% and 66%; tear film break-up time, 40% and 69%; and Schirmer's test, 20% and 78%. We developed a modified oral RDR via oral coadministration of d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate and retinyl palmitate. This test had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% to detect vitamin A deficiency. In conclusion, vitamin A deficiency is relatively common in children who have chronic cholestatic liver disease. Our data suggest that serum retinol level as an initial screen followed by confirmation with a modified oral RDR test is the most effective means of identifying vitamin A deficiency in these subjects. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:782-792.)

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“…Based on surveys of victims of accidental death, an acceptable range of vitamin A in the normal adult human liver is 100-300 pg/g of tissue (9). The liver vitamin A concentrations in children vary markedly with age, being low during infancy relative to later childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood (10,11). In children, a liver vitamin A concentration <40 pg/g is generally considered to be indicative of low vitamin A reserve, and <20 pg/g is considered as marginal or poor (4,10,11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Vitamin A Reserves of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

1985

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ABSTRACT. This study assessed the liver vitamin A concentrations at birth in a group of very low birth weight neonates (n = 25) ( Recent studies have shown that the plasma concentrations of vitamin A (retinol) and RBP at birth are lower in neonates of preterm gestation than in infants born at term (1-3). Estimation of the vitamin A content of the liver is believed to be a more accurate indicator of the vitamin A status than the plasma concentrations of vitamin A or RBP (4, 5). This study was designed to assess the liver vitamin A reserves at birth in a group of VLBW neonates dying within 24 h of birth, prior to possible changes in vitamin A status induced by postnatal nutritional manipulation or therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODSSubjects. Liver tissue samples were obtained at autopsy from 25 neonates who died in the neonatal intensive care unit at Vanderbilt Medical Center. These infants (male = 14, female = 11) were 16-32 wk gestational age (mean f SD; 25.6 + 3.5 wk) Eighteen infants were born within the hospital; the remainder were transferred from other hospitals within 4 h of birth. Eighteen infants were white; the remainder were black. None of the infants had congenital anomalies or evidence of intrauterine growth retardation. Death was secondary to complications of extreme prematurity and occurred within 24 h of birth in all cases. Massive intraventricular hemorrhage was the predominant cause of death. None of the infants received exogenous vitamin A during their brief postnatal life.Autopsyprocedures. Permission for a full autopsy was obtained from the parents in each case. The autopsy was performed within 12 h of death in all cases. Liver vitamin A concentrations are reported to remain unchanged in autopsy specimens for long periods, even after partial tissue autolysis (4). Liver tissue was obtained from the central portion of the right lobe. This portion was selected for analysis as it best reflects values for vitamin A concentration obtained from whole liver homogenates (6). The tissue was placed in a labeled, tightly capped plastic container protected from direct light and frozen at -20" C until analysis. The analyses were performed within 2 wk of obtaining each sample. Storage for an extended period of time at below O" C temperatures has been shown to cause no alteration in the tissue vitamin A content (7). A blood sample was collected from 16 of these infants at autopsy by direct cardiac puncture. The serum was separated from each sample by centrifugation and stored at -20" C until analysis. concentrations of liver vitamin A, serum vitamin A, and serum RBP showed no significant differences with respect to sex or race, nor did they correlate significantly with gestational age or birth weight. Linear regression analysis did not show a significant Chemical procedures. Serum vitamin

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Liver concentrations of vitamin A and carotenoids, as a function of age and other parameters, of American children who died of various causes

Cited by 105 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of maternal vitamin A supplementation on the mother–infant pair in Brazil

Impact of maternal vitamin A supplementation on the mother–infant pair in Brazil

Comparison of Indices of Vitamin A Status in Children With Chronic Liver Disease *

Liver Vitamin A Reserves of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

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