Liver Function and Blood Plasma Protein Formation

Knutti, Ralph E.; Erickson, C. C.; Madden, S. C.; Rekers, Paul E.; Whipple, G. H.

doi:10.1084/jem.65.3.455

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is a difficult question to answer, since different organs and cells deliver proteins to the blood plasma; however, the liver and plasma cells, to a lesser less extent, are considered as the main producers of plasma proteins (Knutti et al 1937;Miller et al 1951, Miller andBale 1954). We did not detect expression of GAS1 in plasma cells, but confirmed the expression of GAS1 in the rat liver, as previously described in the mouse (Sacilotto et al 2011(Sacilotto et al , 2015.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Since we had detected the presence of GAS1 in blood plasma, we decided to determine the expression of GAS1 in rat liver, which is the principal producer of plasmatic proteins (Knutti et al 1937;Miller et al 1951;Miller and Bale 1954). The other main source of plasma proteins are blood plasma cells; however, they do not express GAS1 ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Perivascular Expression Of Gas1 In the Rat Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

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GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid and is expressed in the choroid plexus of the adult rat

Ayala-Sarmiento

Estudillo

Pérez‐Sánchez

et al. 2016

Histochem Cell Biol

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Growth arrest specific 1 (GAS1) is a GPI-anchored protein that inhibits proliferation when overexpressed in tumors but during development it promotes proliferation and survival of different organs and tissues. This dual ability is caused by its capacity to interact both by inhibiting the signaling induced by the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and by facilitating the activity of the sonic hedgehog pathway. GAS1 is expressed as membrane bound in different organs and as a secreted form by glomerular mesangial cells. In the developing central nervous system, GAS1 is found in neural progenitors; however, it continues to be expressed in the adult brain. Here, we demonstrate that soluble GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and it is expressed in the choroid plexus (CP) of the adult rat, the main producer of CSF. Additionally, we confirm the presence of GAS1 in blood plasma and liver of the adult rat, the principal source of blood plasma proteins. The pattern of expression of GAS1 is perivascular in both the CP and the liver. In vitro studies show that the fibroblast cell line NIH/3T3 expresses one form of GAS1 and releases two soluble forms into the supernatant. Briefly, in the present work, we show the presence of GAS1 in adult rat body fluids focusing in the CSF and the CP, and suggest that secreted GAS1 exists as two different isoforms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Perivascular Expression Of Gas1 In the Rat Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid and is expressed in the choroid plexus of the adult rat

Ayala-Sarmiento

Estudillo

Pérez‐Sánchez

et al. 2016

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…In support of this suggestion we may mention observations in this laboratory (4,12) on the Eck fistula to show definite incapacity of the Eck fistula dog to produce plasma protein and hemoglobin. There are only slight structural abnormalities noted in the Eck fistula liver but there can be little doubt that at times its function is gravely impaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Plasma Protein Production Influenced by Amino Acid Mixtures and Lack of Essential Amino Acids

Madden

Anderson

Donovan

et al. 1945

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of red cells suspended in saline (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a constant level of plasma protein production if the diet nitrogen intake is controlled and limited. Such dogs are outwardly normal but have a lowered resistance to infection and intoxication and probably to vitamin deficiency. When the diet nitrogen is provided by certain mixtures of the ten growth essential amino acids plus glycine, given intravenously at a rapid rate, plasma protein production is good. The same mixture absorbed subcutaneously at a slower rate may be slightly better utilized. Fed orally the same mixture is better utilized and associated with a lower urinary nitrogen excretion. An ample amino acid mixture for the daily intake of a 10 kilo dog may contain in grams dl-threonine 1.4, dl-valine 3, dl-leucine 3, dl-isoleucine 2, l(+)-lysine·HCl·H2O 2.2, dl-tryptophane 0.3, dl-phenylalanine 2, dl-methionine 1.2, l(+)-histidine·HCl·H2O 1, l(+)-arginine·HCl 1, and glycine 2. Half this quantity is inadequate and not improved by addition of a mixture of alanine, serine, norleucine, proline, hydroxyproline, and tyrosine totalling 1.4 gm. Aspartic acid appears to induce vomiting when added to a mixture of amino acids. The same response has been reported for glutamic acid (8). Omission from the intake of leucine or of leucine and isoleucine results in negative nitrogen balance and rapid weight loss but plasma protein production may be temporarily maintained. It is possible that leucine may be captured from red blood cell destruction. Tryptophane deficiency causes an abrupt decline in plasma protein production. No decline occurred during 2 weeks of histidine deficiency but the urinary nitrogen increased to negative balance. Plasma protein production may be impaired during conditions of dietary deficiency not related to the protein or amino acid intake. Skin lesions and liver function impairment are described. Unidentified factors present in liver and yeast appear to be involved.

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“…Albumin and globulin changes are of interest, particularly in the first week following the initial injection of gum acacia. Evidence heretofore presented (9,10) indicates that the liver plays a part in the production of the plasma proteins, and that fibrinogen (3,8,11) is produced only by the liver. Dogs which have been subjected to the procedure described here have shown the most profound anatomical changes in the liver, and these are considerably more marked than those noted in any other organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Blood Plasma Proteins as Influenced by Intravenous Injection of Gum Acacia

Yuile

Knutti

1939

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The mechanism of the interrelationship of injected gum acacia and plasma protein in the blood stream involves principles which may lead to a better understanding of plasma protein both as to its production and its function as a blood colloid. In dogs, following single, or a few repeated injections of gum acacia, there are profound changes in plasma protein and fibrinogen concentration and in total circulating plasma protein (6). Since it has not been possible to account for the loss of protein from the blood stream by an increase of nitrogen in the urine, it has been suggested that the missing plasma protein has been replaced (or displaced) by acacia and deposited in "storage depots" in the body. The second possibility suggested is that the production of plasma protein is interfered with so that inadequate amounts are produced to supply the normal demand.In order to study this problem adequately, it is desirable to maintain animals at levels of protein concentration as low as are consistent with a good clinical state, and to continue this condition for periods of time long enough for more complete studies than have been made heretofore. Previous experiments have been carried out with single injections of the gum, and with multiple injections over periods of a few weeks.With these objectives in view, weekly injections of gum acacia have been given over periods of 4 to 5 months to dogs which have been studied from the standpoint of plasma protein and plasma acacia metabolism. Such animals have shown changes similar to those receiving the gum over shorter periods of time, but more marked drops in protein levels have been produced and maintained. In addition, it has been noted that upon cessation of acacia injections the plasma protein concentration and total circulating protein tend to remain at relatively constant low levels, rising very slowly over a period of months, depending upon the protein content of the diet. At the same time, the acacia concentration in the blood slowly diminishes.

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Liver Function and Blood Plasma Protein Formation

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid and is expressed in the choroid plexus of the adult rat

GAS1 is present in the cerebrospinal fluid and is expressed in the choroid plexus of the adult rat

Plasma Protein Production Influenced by Amino Acid Mixtures and Lack of Essential Amino Acids

Blood Plasma Proteins as Influenced by Intravenous Injection of Gum Acacia

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