Livermore tomography tools: Accurate, fast, and flexible software for tomographic science

Champley, Kyle; Willey, Trevor M.; Kim, Hyojin; Bond, Karina; Glenn, S.; Smith, Jerel A.; Kallman, J S; Brown, W.D.; Seetho, I M; Keene, Lionel; Azevedo, S.G.; McMichael, Larry; Overturf, G.E.; Martz, H.E.

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2021.102595

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Reconstructions were done using the standard filter back‐projection algorithm of LTT (Livermore Tomography Tools, 1.6.38). [ 10 ] Reconstructed images were converted from 32‐bits to 8‐bits by scaling intensity (add 2 then multiply by 40) and analyzed both in 2D and 3D using Fiji (ImageJ 1.53t). [ 11 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reconstructions were done using the standard filter back-projection algorithm of LTT (Livermore Tomography Tools, 1.6.38). [10] Reconstructed images were converted from 32-bits to 8-bits by scaling intensity (add 2 then multiply by 40) and analyzed both in 2D and 3D using Fiji (ImageJ 1.53t). [11] Trasatti Capacity Contribution Analysis: The gravimetric capacities (Q G,CV ) at different scan rates were first calculated from the corresponding cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves in Figure S13 (Supporting Information) using Equation (3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO₂ Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

Lin

Chandrasekaran

Forien

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Electrolytic manganese dioxide is one of the promising cathode candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices due to its high redox capacity and ease of synthesis. Yet, high‐loading MnO2 often suffers from sluggish reaction kinetics, especially in non‐aqueous electrolytes. The non‐uniform deposition of MnO2 on a porous current collectors also makes it difficult to fully utilize the active materials at high mass loading. Here, a 3D printed graded graphene aerogel (3D GA) that contains sparsely separated exterior ligaments is developed to create large open channels for mass transport as well as densely arranged interior ligaments providing large ion‐accessible active surface. The unique structural design homogenizes the thickness of electro deposited MnO2 even at an ultrahigh mass loading of ≈70 mg cm−2. The electrode achieves a remarkable volumetric capacity of 29.1 mA h cm−3 in the non‐aqueous electrolyte. A Li‐ion hybrid capacitor device assembled with a graded 3D GA/MnO2 cathode and graded 3D GA/VOx anode exhibits a wide voltage window of 0–4 V and a superior volumetric energy density of 20.2 W h L−1. The findings offer guidance on 3D printed electrode design for supporting ultrahigh loading of active materials and developments of high energy density energy storage devices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO₂ Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

Lin

Chandrasekaran

Forien

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…For each projection, 12 frames were averaged with exposure times of 1.3 seconds to generate the digital radiograph at that orientation. The 3D volume was reconstructed using Livermore Tomography Tools (LTT) [33] with an effective voxel size of 157 microns. The three aw locations were then inspected at various angles and cross-sections to gauge their visibility.…”

Section: Immersion Ultrasound Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A combination interferometric and morphological image processing approach to rapid quality assessment of additively manufactured cellular truss core components

Keene

Rogers²,

Stobbe³

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Advanced manufacturing (AM) processes such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are increasingly capable of fabricating components with useful and unprecedented mechanical properties by incorporating complex internal bracing structures. From the standpoint of quality control and assessment, however, internally complex assemblies present signi cant build-veri cation challenges.Here we propose a hybrid approach to inspection involving the application of computer-aided speckle interferometry (CASI) and morphological image processing as a rapid, inexpensive, and facile method for AM quality control. A simple optical system with variable sensitivity is shown to be effective for inspection of a titanium honeycomb component subjected to differential pressure. Results are compared to those achieved with computed tomography (CT), immersion ultrasound testing (UT), and optical holographic interferometry. Lastly, we propose several possible processing strategies for automated quality assessment based on this powerful hybrid approach. IntroductionWith the maturation of advanced manufacturing (AM) systems, it is now possible to manufacture lightweight components with internal truss supports that are highly optimized for mechanical performance. These designs, typically referred to as "cellular truss core structures", offer a lightweight alternative to solid components while simultaneously exhibiting greater strength than a fully hollow structure. In some cases, these structures have even shown superior mechanical and/or thermal properties compared to their solid counterparts for the desired application [1]. Using AM methods to make cellular core structures can further improve structures' mechanical strength by reducing the number of weld seams, thus limiting the number of fatigue initiation locations [2]. The advantages offered by these designs are attractive for many applications, notably the fabrication of strong, lightweight structures required by the aerospace industry [3,4].Unlike traditional subtractive methods of manufacturing, AM technology enables the manufacture of cellular truss cores with almost arbitrary complexity. This complexity places a large emphasis on postbuild veri cation which, in turn, poses new challenges for non-destructive validation and testing, especially in a high-volume industrial setting where throughput (i.e., simple pass/fail acceptance testing) and automation may be overriding concerns. Devising practical methods to test for internal aws in these components is therefore essential. Classical methods of non-destructive evaluation such as x-ray Computed Tomography (CT) and Ultrasound Testing (UT) can be challenging to deploy in a high-volume environment. CT can be effective at identifying build aws such as excess porosity and missing or incomplete internal structures but is less effective at identifying cracks or zero-volume aws (i.e., complete but unbonded layers). Furthermore, x-ray CT scanning can be time-consuming and often requires a trade-off between component size and scan resolution. Perhaps...

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“…Images were reconstructed with regularized weighted least squares (RWLS) reconstruction, using total variation regularization. The reconstruction was performed using the Livermore Tomography Tools (LTT) software [21]. We customized weights for RWLS for each scan according to the quality of data in each projection, as will be discussed in Section 3.…”

Section: Data Processing and Image Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT results using an inverse Compton x-ray source

Karimi

Brown

Thornton

et al. 2023

Anomaly Detection and Imaging With X-Rays (ADIX) VIII

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Nondestructive characterization is often carried out on dense materials and objects, such as cargo, and high atomic number advanced manufactured, and traditionally manufactured parts and assemblies. These often require high-energy x-rays, exceeding 1 MeV, and sub-millimeter spatial resolution for characterization. Current high-energy x-ray systems offer limited flexibility in tuning the x-ray energy and spatial resolution. Current x-ray sources include bremsstrahlung tube heads that operate from 10 to 600 kV and accelerators that operate from 2 to 15 MV. The MV systems have spatial resolution on the order of a millimeter which limits the features that can be observed. An alternative approach is to use an inverse Compton scattering (ICS) x-ray source with a linear plasma accelerator (LPA). This is a powerful emerging technology that can provide tunable keV to MeV, quasi-monoenergetic x-rays, and a focal spot size on the order of a micrometer. Our research seeks to answer the question: can ICS x-ray sources fundamentally change the way x-ray non-destructive characterization (NDC) is carried out on these challenging parts, assemblies, and cargo? We performed the first CT scans using the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator Hundred TeraWatt (BELLA HTW) ICS x-ray source. We scanned parts of tungsten carbide and steel. Our reconstructed images, although they have artifacts, demonstrate the potential of the LPA-ICS source to image challenging objects. We will discuss the system used, results, lessons learned and paths forward.

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Livermore tomography tools: Accurate, fast, and flexible software for tomographic science

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO₂ Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO₂ Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

A combination interferometric and morphological image processing approach to rapid quality assessment of additively manufactured cellular truss core components

CT results using an inverse Compton x-ray source

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Livermore tomography tools: Accurate, fast, and flexible software for tomographic science

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO2 Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO2 Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

A combination interferometric and morphological image processing approach to rapid quality assessment of additively manufactured cellular truss core components

CT results using an inverse Compton x-ray source

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO₂ Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage

3D‐Printed Graded Electrode with Ultrahigh MnO₂ Loading for Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage