Liverpool English

Watson, Kevin

doi:10.1017/s0025100307003180

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The notable exception is Liverpool English (e.g. Watson 2007), although this, like its influencing Irish varieties (Honeybone 2007), tends to quite clearly use the dental stop [ t̪ ]. Perhaps due to its infrequent nature, I am not aware of any studies of TH-stopping within the English varieties of the British Isles outside those of Liverpudlian and Irish.…”

Section: Th-stopping In British Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maybe it's a grime [t]ing:th-stopping among urban British youth

Drummond

2018

Lang. Soc.

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This article examines how voiceless TH-stopping (e.g. ting for thing) is used by a group of adolescents in Manchester, UK. The data come from an ethnographic project into the speech of fourteen to sixteen year olds who have been excluded from mainstream education. Although TH-stopping is often strongly associated with black varieties of English, multiple regression analysis finds ethnicity not to be a statistically significant factor in its production. Instead, conversational context and involvement in aspects of particular social practices-grime (rap) and dancehall music-emerge as potentially more relevant. Subsequent interactional analysis adds support to this interpretation, illustrating how the feature is being used more or less strategically (and more or less successfully) by individuals in this context in order to adopt particular stances, thereby enacting particular identities that are only tangentially related to ethnicity. I argue that use of TH-stopping in this context indexes a particular street identity that is made more available through participation in grime especially. (TH-stopping, youth language, identity, ethnography, grime, hip hop)* I N T R O D U C T I O NAdolescence is a life-stage like no other in terms of the 'unequalled efflorescence of symbolic activity in all spheres' (Eckert 2000:5), not least the sphere of linguistic variation. Researching the language of young people allows us to witness the negotiation, construction, and performance of emerging identities at a point at which many of the mechanisms behind these processes are being tested for the first time. Often, such research is carried out in mainstream high schools (e.g. Eckert 2000; Moore 2003;Mendoza-Denton 2008;Lawson 2009;Bucholtz 2011;Kirkham 2013), tracking and comparing the linguistic and social behaviour of different groups of students. In contrast, this article reports on a project that focuses on a particular group of young people from the outset-those who have been excluded from mainstream education for behavioural/disciplinary issues or because they find it difficult to adapt to the requirements of a mainstream school environment. The research took place in two learning centres in Manchester, UK, each catering for

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Section: Th-stopping In British Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maybe it's a grime [t]ing:th-stopping among urban British youth

Drummond

2018

Lang. Soc.

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“…Indeed, raised and fronted versions of the NURSE vowel are not uncommon across different varieties of English. For example, they have been attested in the varieties of East Yorkshire (Williams & Kerswill 1999), Tyneside (Watt 1996) and Liverpool (Knowles 1973(Knowles , 1978Newbrook 1999;Watson 2007).…”

Section: Front Roundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

What exactly is a front rounded vowel? An acoustic and articulatory investigation of thenursevowel in South Wales English

Mayr

2010

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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Descriptive reports of South Wales English indicate front rounded realizations of the NURSE vowel (e.g. Wells 1982;Collins & Mees 1990;Mees & Collins 1999;Walters 1999Walters , 2001). However, the specific phonetic properties of the vowel are not depicted uniformly in these studies. In addition, they have relied entirely on auditory descriptions, rather than instrumental measurements. The study presented here is the first to provide a systematic acoustic and articulatory investigation of the NURSE vowel in South Wales English, and to explore its relationship to realizations of Standard Southern British English / …/ and Standard German /ø…/. The results indicate systematic differences between the three vowels, with the South Wales English vowel produced with an open rounded lip posture, yet the acoustic characteristics of an unrounded front vowel. Implications for the notion of 'front-rounding' are discussed.

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“…No single listener from Hull correctly identified a voice from Middlesbrough, for example, attributing it instead to Newcastle or Liverpool. Kerswill and Williams (: 186) argue that this is ‘due, probably, to a minimal amount of contact between the town and Hull’ but they also note that the phonetic features present in the stimulus are a likely trigger for the misidentification: the Middlesbrough speaker uses a glottally reinforced /t/ and has monophthongs for the vowels of face and goat , both features which are typical of Newcastle (see Docherty and Foulkes ; Watt and Milroy ), and also an open‐mid front vowel in nurse , typical of Liverpool (Watson ). It is unlikely that Hull listeners have much more actual contact with people from Newcastle or Liverpool than they do with people from Middlesbrough, but, as Kerswill and Williams (: 186) note, the general awareness of Newcastle and Liverpool accents is likely to be higher due, for example, to a greater presence of those varieties in the media.…”

Section: Accent Recognition In the United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…‘three, other’ [fɹiː, ʊvə]), as it is elsewhere in much of the rest of the U.K., but some speakers in Liverpool still have th / dh ‐stopping (e.g. ‘three, other’ [t̪ɹiː, ʊd̪ə], Watson ), which is not found in the other localities. (t). /t/ is lenited in non‐initial positions in Liverpool, so that realisations such as [tθ̳] and [θ̳] are common (e.g.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual dialectology in northern England: Accent recognition, geographical proximity and cultural prominence

Leach

Watson

Gnevsheva

2016

Journal of Sociolinguistics

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Work in perceptual dialectology has argued that listeners’ successful identification of accent areas is facilitated by their geographical proximity to a particular region. Montgomery (, ) argues that this proximity effect is mediated by a ‘cultural prominence’ effect, where localities of high cultural salience seem less distant. We explore these claims using an online survey in which listeners were asked to identify the regional origin of speakers of five accents from England's ‘linguistic north’ (Liverpool, Manchester, Crewe, Stoke‐on‐Trent and Macclesfield) from audio clips of four different sentences. We show that the proximity and cultural prominence effects are partially supported, and that the proximity effect is driven by listeners’ likely contact with/experience of the dialect in question. We also show that listeners react differently to different sentences in the same accent. While some sentences are identified correctly very often, others, even for culturally prominent locations with distinctive accents (i.e. Liverpool), are hardly ever correctly identified. We connect this to the geographical distribution of the linguistic features in the clips, and we argue that the presence, absence and range of individual linguistic features should be systematically considered in all perceptual dialectology work which uses audio stimuli.

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Liverpool English

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

Maybe it's a grime [t]ing:th-stopping among urban British youth

Maybe it's a grime [t]ing:th-stopping among urban British youth

What exactly is a front rounded vowel? An acoustic and articulatory investigation of thenursevowel in South Wales English

Perceptual dialectology in northern England: Accent recognition, geographical proximity and cultural prominence

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