Liverwort (Marchantia Polymorpha) Control with Quinoclamine

Abstract

Quinoclamine has been evaluated for POST control of liverwort in nursery crop production. Nearly all previous research has assumed that high spray volumes (e.g., > 935 L/ha) were required for quinoclamine to be effective. To test this assumption, quinoclamine was applied to liverwort in a factorial treatment arrangement of three rates (1.4, 1.9, and 3.8 kg ai/ha), three spray volumes (374, 1,112, and 1,871 L/ha), and two spray pressures (276 and 414 kPa). Control was influenced primarily by quinoclamine rate, although there was a trend for greater control with higher spray pressure. Absorption and translocation studies using 14C-quinoclamine established that 14C absorption into liverwort thalli approached 70% of the amount applied within 9 h after application. Although liverwort lacks vascular tissue, 14C is readily translocated away from the site of entry and tended to accumulate at thallus margins. Neither absorption nor translocation was influenced by spray volume. The perceived requirement for high spray volume may be a misdirected assumption on the basis of the high proportion of inert ingredients within the current formulation. Conversely, this assumption has no basis within liverwort biology or quinoclamine behavior.

Differential Response of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) Tissue to POST-Applied Quinoclamine

“…Thalli absorbed 48.3% of applied radioactivity after application of 14 C-quinoclamine (Table 2). This is similar to previous research showing 61% absorption in thalli (Altland et al 2007). Archegonial receptacles absorbed less 14 C than either thalli or antheridial receptacles.…”

“…100 gallons per acre) were required for quinoclamine to be effective (Vea and Palmer 2006). However, Altland et al (2007) established that control was influenced only by quinoclamine application rate; neither spray volume nor spray pressure influenced quinoclamine efficacy. This research also established that 14 C absorption followed by 14 C-quinoclamine application into liverwort thalli approached 61% of the amount DOI: 10.1614/WT-D-10-00135.1 applied within 6 h after application.…”

“…100 gallons per acre) were required for quinoclamine to be effective (Vea and Palmer 2006). However, Altland et al (2007) established that control was influenced only by quinoclamine application rate; neither spray volume nor spray pressure influenced quinoclamine efficacy. This research also established that 14 C absorption followed by 14 C-quinoclamine application into liverwort thalli approached 61% of the amount DOI: 10.1614/WT-D-10-00135.1 * First and sixth authors: Research Horticulturist and Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH 44691; second, third, fourth, and fifth authors: Professor of Agronomy, Professor of Horticulture, and Assistant Professors of Agronomy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830.…”

Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) Response to Quinoclamine in a Pine Bark Substrate

“…McConaha (1941) described how scales and rhizoids on the ventral surface of liverwort can rapidly distribute water via external capillarity to absorptive areas throughout the liverwort thallus. These data further corroborate conclusions by Altland et al (2007) that quinoclamine is translocated within liverwort thalli, despite its lack of a vascular system.…”

“…Thalli response to quinoclamine concentration in hydroponic solution was surprising. Previous research (Altland et al 2007) documented rapid uptake and translocation of quinoclamine in liverwort when applied in a spray formulation to the dorsal surface. Rapid uptake was attributed to the large number of pores on the thalli surface, which lack guard cells present in higher plants (Doyle 1970).…”