Living at the edge: population differentiation in endangered Arnica montana from NW Iberian Peninsula

Vera, Manuel; Mora, Graciela; Guitián, Manuel; Blanco, Andreu; Casanova, Adrián González; Real, Carlos; Franco, Rosa Romero; Bouza, Carmen

doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01673-9

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A similar pattern was also reported for Arnica montana (Van Rossum and Raspé, 2018) and in the bird seed-dispersed Juniperus communis (Jacquemart et al, 2021), both being critically endangered in southern Belgium. By contrast, distinct genetic lineages were found for A. montana (Vera et al, 2020) and for Jacobaea auricula (Bobo-Pinilla et al, 2021) in Spain, and reproductively isolated genetic lineages were found for Silene nutans in southern Belgium (Martin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Differences in plastid marker sequences among populations may reveal different phylogeographic patterns related to ancient processes, such as different (post)glacial migration histories, and the existence of contact zones where distinct genetic lineages have met (Hewitt, 2004;Hickerson et al, 2010;. The related genetic divergence among, sometimes co-occurring, genetic lineages may induce reproductive isolation and outbreeding depression in hybrid progeny (Edmands, 2007;Martin et al, 2017), requiring to take phylogeographic patterns into account for source sampling Vera et al, 2020;Bobo-Pinilla et al, 2021). The other research questions relating to genetic diversity (as described in Table 1) were based on the analysis of nuclear microsatellite markers and are described below.…”

Section: Phylogeographic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying phenotypic plasticity and maternal effects may also give insights into adaptive differences and nonneutral genetic variability accounting for population resilience (Nicotra et al, 2015;Hamilton et al, 2017;Van Rossum et al, 2020). Besides, whether the potential source and target populations share common phylogeographic history (based on plastid markers) has been insufficiently examined (Van Rossum and Raspé, 2018;Vera et al, 2020;Bobo-Pinilla et al, 2021;Jacquemart et al, 2021), despite the risk of reproductive isolation and outbreeding depression in hybrids between genetic lineages that show diverging phylogeographic patterns (Edmands, 2007;Martin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Population Genetic Status for Designing Plant Translocations

Rossum

Pajolec

Raspé

et al. 2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Assisted gene flow interventions such as plant translocations are valuable complementary techniques to habitat restoration. Bringing new genetic variants can contribute to increasing genetic diversity and evolutionary resilience, counteract inbreeding depression and improve plant fitness through heterosis. Large, highly genetically variable populations are usually recommended as sources for translocation. Unfortunately, many critically endangered species only occur as small populations, which are expected to show low genetic variation, high inbreeding level, paucity of compatible mates in self-incompatible species, and increased genetic divergence. Therefore, assessment of population genetic status is required for an appropriate choice of the source populations. In this paper, we exemplify the different analyses relevant for genetic evaluation of populations combining both molecular (plastid and nuclear) markers and fitness-related quantitative traits. We assessed the genetic status of the adult generation and their seed progeny (the potential translocation founders) of small populations of Campanula glomerata (Campanulaceae), a self-incompatible insect-pollinated herbaceous species critically endangered in Belgium. Only a few small populations remain, so that the species has been part of a restoration project of calcareous grasslands implementing plant translocations. In particular, we estimated genetic diversity, inbreeding levels, genetic structure in adults and their seed progeny, recent bottlenecks, clonal extent in adults, contemporary gene flow, effective population size (Ne), and parentage, sibship and seed progeny fitness variation. Small populations of C. glomerata presented high genetic diversity, and extensive contemporary pollen flow within populations, with multiple parentage among seed progenies, and so could be good seed source candidates for translocations. As populations are differentiated from each other, mixing the sources will not only optimize the number of variants and of compatible mates in translocated populations, but also representativeness of species regional genetic diversity. Genetic diversity is no immediate threat to population persistence, but small Ne, restricted among-population gene flow, and evidence of processes leading to genetic erosion, inbreeding and inbreeding depression in the seed progeny require management measures to counteract these trends and stochastic vulnerability. Habitat restoration facilitating recruitment, flowering and pollination, reconnecting populations by biological corridors or stepping stones, and creating new populations through translocations in protected areas are particularly recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Phylogeographic Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing Population Genetic Status for Designing Plant Translocations

Rossum

Pajolec

Raspé

et al. 2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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“…UV radiation and extreme temperature) and herbivory (Zidorn 2010). Floral head recollection is made by hand, with Spain and Romania the main suppliers for the pharmaceutical industry (Mardari et al 2019;Vera et al 2020). This practice, carried out basically with no legislation, has diminished wild populations in different regions of Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have identified low-to-moderate genetic diversity and important degrees of differentiation among populations under low levels of gene flow (Luijten et al 2000;Duwe et al 2017;Van Rossum and Raspé 2018) and selective processes associated with altitude (Maurice et al 2016). Genetic studies in the Iberian Peninsula have been focused on Galician populations (NW Spain) because these populations are the most conserved and variable (Vera et al 2020). Using plastid DNA (cpDNA) sequencing, two differet genetic groups concordant with the two previous chemotypes identified in the region have been described (cpDNA-group 1 and cpDNAgroup 2 related to DH and H groups, respectively; see Vera et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic survey extension of the threatened Iberian Arnica montana L. revealed the presence of divergent plastid lineages and highly structured populations in northern Spain

Bouza

Lorenzo

Guitián

et al. 2023

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Iberian populations of Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) represent a valuable resource both for conservation and pharmaceutical industry. Previous genetic analyses pointed out the presence of different genetic groups, but a wide region is still genetically unexplored. In order to fill this scientific gap, the present study analysed a wider sampling area along the northern Iberian Peninsula. Nuclear (i.e. microsatellite loci) and plastid DNA (cpDNA) molecular markers were used to assess the levels of genetic diversity and the population structure in 16 locations, eight analysed for the first time in the present study and eight representative of the different genetic groups previously identified. The two divergent cpDNA groups previously described were found, but their distribution was extended and refined. Thus, one of the groups (suggested as ancestral) was predominantly distributed in adjacent zones of the Cantabrian coasts while the other (more related to Central-European populations) was predominant in inner Cantabrian regions and Pyrenees. Genetic diversity with microsatellite loci (He = 0.280) was in accordance with the figures previously described, with a high level of population differentiation (FST > 0.500) identifying the presence of up to five population genetic units. Genetic and geographical distances were not related (no isolation-by-distance pattern identified), suggesting an important effect of genetic drift. Finally, due to the conservation and evolutionary interest of the populations analysed, different management actions useful for the maintenance of wild A. montana resources are provided.

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