Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the united states, canada, england and wales, and australia

Braddock, David; Emerson, Eric; Felce, David John; Stancliffe, Roger J.

doi:10.1002/mrdd.1016

Cited by 160 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There are several specific areas in which additional research on sexual health and people with ID is critical. First, the trend in several different countries toward transitioning people with ID from large group facilities to small community facilities [Braddock et al, 2001] mandates a need to better understand sexual health in those experiencing less restrictions and supervision in their daily lives. Second, there is a dearth of research on sexual health status and practices of men with ID.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual health care in persons with intellectual disabilities

Servais

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

144

121

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In the past, preventive health concerning sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities was addressed through surgical sterilization as part of nationwide eugenic programs in many countries. For more than 30 years now, it has come progressively to light in the scientific literature that, besides major ethical and legal problems, these programs also failed to assess many of the individual's needs in sexual health. The fact that an increasing number of people with intellectual disabilities live in the community rather than in institutions has heightened public awareness that these individuals have sexual expectancies, desires, and needs that must be supported through both education and health services. The emergence of AIDS, including descriptions of cases among people with intellectual disabilities, has further demonstrated that surgical sterilization cannot be considered a global option to achieve preventive sexual health. The aim of this paper is to review scientific studies that have assessed the expectancies and support needs of persons with intellectual disabilities in terms of sexual health. These needs vary widely from one individual to another, according to life milieu, level of disability, and potential comorbidity. From this review, it appears that hygiene management, global gynecological care, and prevention of unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and abuse have been frequently identified as areas in which the presence of intellectual disability dictates specific support needs. Different approaches that have been evaluated to address these issues will also be discussed. Key Words: sexuality; contraception; sterilization; sexually transmitted disease; hygiene management; pregnancy S exual health is influenced by a variety of political and social events and is broader than the absence of disease [Edwards and Coleman, 2004], encompassing both mental and physical aspects of human functioning that are important to overall well being [Sandfort and Ehrhardt, 2004]. The concept of sexual health in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) is an extremely sensitive subject, and while advances have been made in employment, housing, and other aspects of community integration, the sexual needs of these individuals have been relatively ignored or strictly controlled by caregivers and service agencies [Bambara and Brantlinger, 2002; Hinsburger and Tough, 2002]. The importance of sexual health for people with ID has received increased attention in the past several decades and was recently highlighted by the 58th World Health Assembly (World Health Organization [(WHO)], which urged member states to include a disability component, including those with ID, in sexual health policies and programs [WHO, 2005a].Despite the heightened awareness of sexual health needs in this population, there has been a tendency to focus on issues of sexual rights and sexuality, and there is relatively less information on related factors such as preventive health. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual health care in persons with intellectual disabilities

Servais

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

144

121

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“…One possible explanation of the increased proportions of deaths due to CVD in adults with MR over the last 60 years may be due to a greater proportion of adults with MR living in communities [Braddock et al, 2001]. Since the deinstitutionalization of adults with MR there has been a greater proportion of adults with mild to moderate MR living in small group homes, with families, or independently within their communities [Kraus and Seltzer, 1986].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factors of persons with mental retardation

Draheim

2006

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

111

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This paper reviews the recent literature on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, CVD-related mortality, physiological CVD risk factors, and behavioral CVD risk factors in adults with mental retardation (MR). The literature on the potential influences of modifiable behavioral CVD risk factors and the physiological CVD risk factors are also reviewed. Adults with mild to moderate MR residing in community settings appear to have an elevated disease prevalence, elevated CVD-related mortality, more adverse physiological CVD risk factors, and elevated behavioral risk compared to others with and without MR. Preliminary evidence supports the benefits of participating in the recommended physical activity levels and consuming the recommended diets to reduce the risk for CVD. The lack of large-scale longitudinal or experimental research indicates a gap in the research. The development of research-based, appropriate, primary prevention programs and intervention strategies aimed at lowering the risk for CVD is highly recommended. Programs should focus on educating individuals with MR along with direct care providers and family members on the importance of appropriate dietary concepts, physical activity habits, and regular health screenings by physicians. Programs should be individualized to regional and cultural issues.

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“…In addition, they often lack social networks to support them in these respects (Robertson et al, 2001; Verdonschot, de Witte, Reichrath, Buntinx, & Curfs, 2009; Verplanke & Duyvendak, 2009). Since self-reliance, societal participation and taking responsibility for one’s own life are the main pillars of contemporary Western welfare societies (Newman & Tonkens, 2011), and deinstitutionalization is a trend in these societies (Braddock, Emerson, Felce, & Stancliffe, 2001; Coucouvanis, Lakin, Prouty, & Webster, 2006; Grunewald, 2003; Mansell, 2006; McConkey, Abbott, Walsh, Linehan, & Emerson, 2007; Stancliffe, Lakin, & Prouty, 2005), social work organizations have started to support people with MID in building social networks for support, so they can achieve societal participation and become more self-reliant (Newman & Tonkens, 2011). Deinstitutionalization and extramuralization can be viewed as empowering for vulnerable groups, but can result in social exclusion and feelings of loneliness as well (Verplanke & Duyvendak, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating together as a social network intervention for people with mild intellectual disabilities: a theory-based evaluation

Kruithof

Suurmond

Harting

2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose: People with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) generally live independently among the wider community. This can result in social exclusion and feelings of loneliness. Therefore, social work organizations aim to socially include people with MID through organizing activities in neighbourhoods that should lead to enlarged networks and increased societal participation. The “Communal Table” is such a, group-orientated, intervention that organizes monthly dinners in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Because little is known about the effectiveness of interventions aiming to bring about social inclusion for people with MID we explored which types of participants were reached and whether and how the intervention brought about the intended outcomes. Methods: We performed a theory-based evaluation, using participatory observations and qualitative interviews (n = 19). The Communal Table attracted a diverse and loyal group of participants. Results: We distinguished four types of participants—lonely participants, activist participants, satisfied participants and calculating participants—whose pre-existing networks played a significant role in their individual needs for support and the outcomes of the intervention. Outcomes reported included experiences of conviviality and warmth, temporary relief of underlying problems and an overall positive opinion about the intervention, but network enlargement or increased societal participation were not reported. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social network interventions for people with MID should be tailored to participants’ pre-existing networks and related individual needs to be successful.

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Living circumstances of children and adults with mental retardation or developmental disabilities in the united states, canada, england and wales, and australia

Cited by 160 publications

References 8 publications

Sexual health care in persons with intellectual disabilities

Sexual health care in persons with intellectual disabilities

Cardiovascular disease prevalence and risk factors of persons with mental retardation

Eating together as a social network intervention for people with mild intellectual disabilities: a theory-based evaluation

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