Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Patients with Preformed Donor-Specific Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies Using Preoperative Desensitization Therapy According to Intensity of Donor-Specific Antibodies: A Single-Center Study

Abstract

Background In liver transplantation (LT), preoperative desensitization therapy is considered necessary in patients positive for donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs). However, the relationship between DSA intensity and the necessary desensitization therapy is unclear. Material/Methods A total of 37 adult living donor (LD) LTs performed between January 2016 and March 2022 were examined. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was administered preoperatively in DSA-positive cases with positive lymphocyte cross-matching who underwent LDLT. In those with strongly positive DSA (mean fluorescence intensity 10 000), rituximab was administered 2 weeks before LDLT in addition to MMF. Cross-reactive epitope group antigen (CREG)-alone-positive cases were also treated with preoperative MMF when lymphocyte cross-matching was positive. Results Of the 37 patients, 9 were DSA-positive, 7 were CREG-alone-positive, and the others were double-negative. Of 9 DSA-positive cases, desensitization therapy was performed in 7, among which rituximab administration was performed in 3 strongly DSA-positive cases. Of 7 CREG-alone-positive cases, 2 were lymphocyte cross-match-positive and underwent desensitization therapy. The 1-year survival rate was 100% in both DSA- and CREG-alone-positive cases. The frequency of T-cell mediated rejection in DSA-positive, CREG-alone-positive, and double-negative cases was 22%, 43%, and 29%, respectively, with no significant difference. Antibody-mediated rejection occurred in only 1 patient, who was strongly DSA-positive and blood-group incompatible. There was also no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of the frequency of biliary complications or 90-day mortality. Conclusions Satisfactory LDLT results were achieved in DSA- and CREG-alone-positive cases following desensitization therapy.