Living free‐radical polymerization (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) of 6‐[4‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate: A route to architectural control of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers

Hao, Xiaojuan; Heuts, Johan P. A.; Barner‐Kowollik, Christopher; Davis, Thomas P.; Evans, Evan

doi:10.1002/pola.10894

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These include certain trithiocarbonates, xanthates, dithiocarbamates, and other compounds. The effectiveness of the RAFT agent depends on the monomer being polymerized and depends strongly on the properties of the free-radical leaving group R and the group Z which can be chosen to activate [44] (MMA), [44] AA [63] -7 [44] S, [14,44] (MMA) [6,44] -NC 8 [9,44] S, [9,14,44,46] AA, [6] MA, [44,64] NIPAM-XMA, [69] S-MAH, [70] MMA, [6,14,44,52] XMA, [65][66][67] EHMA-b-S, [68] EHMA-b-MMA-MA [68] VBz, [13,14] MMA, [68] BMA, [68] EHMA [68] …”

Section: Choice Of Raft Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2005

Aust. J. Chem.

2,146

1,894

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This paper presents a review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds [ZC( S)SR] by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Since we first introduced the technique in 1998, the number of papers and patents on the RAFT process has increased exponentially as the technique has proved to be one of the most versatile for the provision of polymers of well defined architecture. The factors influencing the effectiveness of RAFT agents and outcome of RAFT polymerization are detailed. With this insight, guidelines are presented on how to conduct RAFT and choose RAFT agents to achieve particular structures. A survey is provided of the current scope and applications of the RAFT process in the synthesis of well defined homo-, gradient, diblock, triblock, and star polymers, as well as more complex architectures including microgels and polymer brushes.

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Section: Choice Of Raft Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MMA [89] MMA-b-S [89] S 29 [44] MMA, [14,44] BA [14,44] [66] 3-[tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate, [65] 6[4-(4 -methoxyphenyl)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate, [67] N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate. [69] C Emulsion or miniemulsion experiments in italics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2005

Aust. J. Chem.

2,146

1,894

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“…In addition, this approach can be used to control molecular weights (polymer chain length) and obtain block polymers. Recently, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [20] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) [21] polymerization have been developed as examples of living radical polymerization. These polymerization reactions are useful for controlling the polymer chain length and realizing low polydispersity (M w /M n ).…”

Section: Addition Polymerization (Chain-growth Polymerization)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers

Ujiie

Kato

2014

Handbook of Liquid Crystals

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Various types of side‐chain liquid crystal polymers with ferroelectric, photoactive, thermochromic, hydrogen‐bonded, and ionized properties have been synthesized by many research groups, and their physicochemical properties and orientational behavior have been studied. These studies have established the relationship between the structure and the physicochemical properties. This chapter describes the design and synthesis of a conventional side‐chain liquid crystal polymer in which mesogenic side groups are attached to the polymer chains.

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“…After this discovery, there have been many systematic studies on the effects of the spacer length on the thermal and physical properties of these SCLCPs. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] It has been shown that increasing the spacer length while keeping the backbone and mesogenic groups constant has two effects: (i) the clearing temperature of the polymer increases and (ii) the entropy change associated with the clearing transition decreases. Most of the research work refers to polyacrylate, [33,34] polymethylacrylate, [35,36] polyurethane, [37] and polystyrene [38][39][40][41] backbones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterisation of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Poly[1‐({[(4‐cyano‐4′‐biphenyl)oxy]alkyl}oxy)‐2,3‐epoxypropane]

Han

Shanks

Pavel

2004

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: A new series of side‐chain liquid‐crystal polymers, the poly[1‐({[(4‐cyano‐4′‐biphenyl)oxy]alkyl}oxy)‐2,3‐epoxypropane], has been synthesized in which the spacer length is varied from 2 to 8 methylene units. The synthesis used for the chemical modification of polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) involved the phase transfer catalyzed etherification of the chloromethyl groups with sodium 4‐cyano‐4′‐biphenoxide and lithium n‐(4‐cyano‐4′‐oxybiphenyl)‐alkanoates. All the resulting polymers (except polymers 7 and 8), including that without spacer, characterized by 1H NMR, and IR, exhibit thermotropic liquid crystalline mesomophism. The thermal behavior of the polymers has been characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (POM) equipped with hot‐stage. A more pronounced odd‐even effect in the clearing temperatures is observed on increasing the spacer length in which the odd members display slightly higher values, which were also dependent on the substitution degree of PECH. The flexible PECH chain assists nematic LC formation compared with other more rigid backbone polymers where a smectic phase is often encountered with the same mesogen. A comparison of the thermal properties of the cyanobiphenyl based series reported here. Polyacrylate (PA) and poly(methacrylate)‐based (PMA) SCLCPs containing 4‐cyanobiphenyl as the mesogenic unit are consistent with the general rule that increasing backbone flexibility for a given mesogenic unit and spacer length enhance the clearing temperature. This was not found from the PECH‐based series, which show the lower clearing temperature than the PMA and PA series, even though they have more flexible backbone than PA and PMA series. So the clearing temperature is not solely determined by the flexibility of the backbone.Schlieren textures of PECHOC2‐B taken at 110 °C (cooling from isotropic phase after annealing 1 h).magnified imageSchlieren textures of PECHOC2‐B taken at 110 °C (cooling from isotropic phase after annealing 1 h).

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Living free‐radical polymerization (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) of 6‐[4‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate: A route to architectural control of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process

Design and Synthesis of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers

Synthesis and Characterisation of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Poly[1‐({[(4‐cyano‐4′‐biphenyl)oxy]alkyl}oxy)‐2,3‐epoxypropane]

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